Poetry In John Steinbecks The Grapes Of Wrath - 1463 Words

For poetry is the mathematics of writing and closely kin to music. Moreover, it is the best therapy because sometimes the troubles come tumbling out. Well, he did...Just poetry - anything and not designed for a reader. I only offer this if your dryness goes on too long and makes you too miserable. You may come out of it any day. I have. The words are fighting each other to get out (Steinbeck, John. phantascene.com/2014/0 2/john-steinbeck-what-he-taughtwriters.Web.7Oct.2013). The lyrical style of The Grapes of Wrath keeps the readers spell-bound from beginning to the end and lets the readers feel the vicinity of the have-nots. Steinbeck has a suitably elastic form and elevated style to express the far-reaching tragedy of the migrant†¦show more content†¦His humour is based on ideas often incompatible, new awareness, comparisons and mutually understood and agreed discrepancies. He successfully embeds humour in his creative style. Jokes, funny incidents, surprise, misdirection and absurd juxtapositions are commonly used in the dialogues of his characters. He uses the opposite expressions. Irony resides in intellectual part of his novels. Verbal and situational irony is an outcome that turns out to be very different from what is expected. It creates anti-climax in The Pearl. He uses dramatic irony when in Of Mice and Men poor Lenine does not know the consequences of his action. The satire is created by human stupidity and vices of Danny and frien ds in Tortilla Flat. His vision of a modern egalitarian society for the have-nots has a satirical tone. His humour and humanity are well connected. Just before his death when he got his hand impaired, he wrote with precision of words that no one can surpass. I must make my hand, clever again (Huntington, Don. www.donhun tington.com/quote/.Web.18Nov.2013). His humour perhaps arises from the most paradoxically yet poetic things he wrote 12 years prior but used in a 1963 speech, immediately after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature For his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception (Steinbeck, John. www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizeslite rature/laureates/ 1962 /.Web.1 Oct.2013).As far as Steinbeck’sShow MoreRelatedThe World and Literature Changes in the 1930s823 Words   |  3 PagesProject, was John Steinbeck, who was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962 â€Å"for his realistic and imaginative writing s, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception. (N. P. Staff). John Steinbeck, wrote a trio of novels, which focused on the lives and struggles of migrant workers in California with the first book, In Dubious Battle, published in 1936, then followed by Of Mice and Men in 1937, and Steinbeck’s masterpiece in 1939 The Grapes of Wrath a story of anRead More John Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming1689 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck was born to middle-lower class family in the farming community of Salinas, California. John’s Steinbeck Imagine†¦ your town is suddenly stricken with poverty. Your family business goes under because the economy of your local community can no longer support it. Herds of your closest friends continually move out of the town you grew up in due to a severe shortage of work. The basic necessities of life are so scarce that everyone around you reverts to their animalistic urgesRead More John Steinbeck Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902 in Salinas, California, a farming community with of about 2500 people. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst and Olive Hamiton Steinbeck. His sisters Beth and Esther were much older than John and he felt closest to Mary, the youngest. He spent his childhood and adolescence in the Salinas Valley, which he later called â€Å"the salad bowl of the nation.† John’s mother, Olive, was the daughter of Irish immigrants. She left her parents’Read More Skill and Craftsmanship in the Works of Steinbeck Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesSkill and Craftsmanship in the Works of Steinbeck      Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout Cannery Row, Of Mice and Men, The Red Pony and The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck professes his admiration for the man who displays skill and craftsmanship in his work. A man who does his job exceedingly well is, by extension in Steinbecks works, a hero who is satisfied in doing his best in affection for his craft - a direct contrast to the multitude of humans who are merely unsuccessful and unhappy dreamers.   Ã‚  Ã‚   TheRead MoreThemes And Styles Of John Steinbeck s The 4033 Words   |  17 PagesJohn Buttiglione Mr. Bruno English IV Period 08 November 17, 2014 Themes and Styles of John Steinbeck John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. was born on February 26, 1902 in Salinas, California. He spent the majority of his childhood there and readers learn about his home city and childhood in his works. Steinbeck wrote novels, non-fiction books, short stories, poetry, and plays. Some of his most impactful and recognized works include: Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, The Pearl, The Moon is Down, EastRead MoreThe Quiet World Of Written Words1255 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to discover just who he was. Though I was prepared to comb through every article necessary, a simple Google search was all the elbow grease it took to unearth the mystery: Tom Joad is the main character of a novel written by John Steinbeck, titled â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath.† I bought the book, and it was then that I branched out from raging sound waves into the quiet and meticulous world of written words. The year was 2008; and the first decade of the new millennium was drawing to an end on an extraordinarilyRead MoreThe Rage Against The Machine1368 Words   |  6 Pagesorder to discover just who he was. Though I was prepared to comb through every article necessary, a simple Google search was all the elbow grease it took to unearth the mystery: Tom Joad is the main character of a novel written by John Steinbeck, titled â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath.† I bought the book, and it was then that I branched out from raging sound waves into the quiet and meticulous world of written words. The year was 2008, and the first decade of the new millennium was drawing to a close on an unprecedentedlyRead More The Impact of the Great Depression Essay926 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame known as the Great Depression. As industries shrank and businesses collapsed or cut back, up to 25% of Americans were left unemployed. At the same time, the financial crisis destroyed the life savings of countless Americans (Modern American Poetry). Food, housing and other consumable goods were in short supply for most people (Zinn 282). This widespread state of poverty had serious social repercussions for the country. America’s agricultural economy had already been suffering for a decadeRead MoreJonelle Samai. Evelyn Cartright. Eng 210. John Steinbeck.1758 Words   |  8 PagesJonelle Samai Evelyn Cartright Eng 210 John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was an American Nobel Prize winner whose work was viewed by many as controversial. Growing up in Salinas Valley California, Steinbeck enjoyed a comfortable life but opted to work with migrants on a farm. Here, his interest in the socio -economic aspects of life sparked, which later influenced his literary perspective. As an outspoken democrat and advocate of blue collared America, his critics often argue that his works are biasedRead MoreFacilitating Learning and Assessment in Practice3273 Words   |  14 Pagesexperiences in reading soon led me to attempt various writings of my own, beginning with poetry at age eight. I kept a journal in eighth grade, writing daily entries from the word of the day presented by my English instructor. I continued to write poetry, essays, critiques and creative short works throughout junior high and high school, where I was exposed to a bevy of literary compositions such as Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath, Huxley’s Brave New W orld, Dante’s Inferno, Hawthorne’s House of the Seven Gables

Traditional Literature Three Cinderellas Essay - 916 Words

Most people are familiar with the Cinderella story as told in the translation by Marcia Brown. There are also cultural and parodied versions of this tale. For a cultural version, I will be referring to Sootface, an Ojibwa tale retold by Robert D. San Souci and illustrated by Daniel San Souci (San Souci, 1994). The parody Ive chosen is Cinderumpelstiltskin, found in the book The Stinky Cheese Man and Other Fairly Stupid Tales, by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith (Scieszka, 1992). All three renditions are picture storybooks, and have similarities in the cast of characters and in the motifs of transformation and magic, but there are significant differences within those similar themes. The three stories have honored†¦show more content†¦We can tell by looking at the illustration alone that this is no ordinary retelling of the Cinderella story. A young woman in distress is the common main character, and there are similarities and slight differences in the womans fa mily, and in the prince figure, as well. The Cinderella figure portrayed by Brown and Scieszka are already beautiful. Poor Sootfaces beauty has been scarred by ashes from the fire; her hair is singed. In all three renditions, the mother of the Cinderella figure has died. Both Browns and Scieszkas Cinderellas have wicked stepmothers and mean stepsisters. Sootface has no stepmother; its her mean sisters that mock her and make her do their work. The father figures are either absent or powerless to help Cinderellas situation. The father of Browns Cinderella is tied hand and foot to his wifes apron strings. Sootfaces father seems to be off hunting while Sootface is abused at the hands of her sisters. And Scieszka doesnt even mention Cinderellas father. The prince (or mighty warrior, in Sootface) does appear in all three stories. All the young women in Browns Cinderella and San Soucis Sootface want to be betrothed to this character; in Cinderumpelstiltskin, he is just mentioned as the host of the ball. Despite the differences in settings and familyShow MoreRelatedCinderella Stories1524 Words   |  7 PagesCinderella Stories Lesson Plan Sherryl Green Grand Canyon University: RDG:585 October 8, 2012 Lesson Plan Cinderella Stories ABSTRACT In this study of Cinderella Stories, second grade students will use charts and diagrams to discover the similarities and differences among stories. Students will develop writing skills using descriptive language and details. They will strengthen their comprehension skills through the use of magical Cinderella tales from different lands and apply map skillsRead MoreHow Traditional Literature Has Changed Over Time894 Words   |  4 Pagesthere were varying topics, but they were all under one category, which was traditional children’s literature. In the book many topics are discussed which include, what it means for a book to be traditional literature, how traditional literature has changed over time, the categories in which the different books can fall under, the different cultures and countries that the stories come from, the elements within traditional literature, and lastly the hero circle. There were also several articles that I readRead MoreThe Disney Princesses85 7 Words   |  3 Pagesgiven characteristics that are very gender specific. The next Disney Princess to be released was Cinderella in 1950 followed by Sleeping Beauty in 1959. These films also conformed to the conventional beliefs about women and their place in society. These princesses both had very soft-spoken voices that were barely audible (Whelan, 23). In Cinderella it also displays her doing the stereotypically traditional tasks of cleaning and looking after the house. She accepted without complaint all the tasks herRead MoreGender Stereotypes : Masculinity And Femininity1195 Words   |  5 Pagessame-sex relations, which the US has not fully recognized yet. The Hijars in India are homosexual or intersex males who embody aspects of the traditional female gender role. They dress as women do and can marry husbands if they so choose. Or the Albanians in southwest Europe and northern Greece are biological females that take a vow of chastity, and embody traditional male gender roles. They do this for multiple reasons because they always felt more male, to avoid marriage, and/or to access the power andRead MoreCinderella vs Ella Enchanted Essay2614 Words   |  11 PagesCinderella vs Ella Enchanted The tale of Cinderella has been heard and read for many generations. The idea of rags to riches has appealed to countless readers through varying accounts. The plot of Cinderella has become a traditional theme. Through different cultures and eras the theme has seen many copies, remakes, twists and views in literature, theater and film. Today’s era of blended families and conflicts in class statuses may be why Cinderella has been a classic. One of those twists is seenRead MoreThe Girl Against The Brick Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pageseveryone around them. Weeks pass, the students never came to the pub. Then, after three months, I saw the familiar faces. There was a weakness among them, some even sitting in silence. I looked to the brick wall where Elizabeth always stood, but the wall was empty. In fact, from that weekend on, I never saw Elizabeth again. Recipe A dark twist on a classic take on ignored abuse. Serving Size: One Cooking Time: Three to Six weeks depending on the severity relationship Recipe Difficulty: Very DifficultRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney Princess Films848 Words   |  4 Pagesportrayal of Disney princesses is the stereotypical damsel-in-distress, and very domestic. This can be seen through Snow White, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty. A second portrayal arose and shifted the roles of female characters to be seen as independent and free spirited. This picture can be seen through characters of Merida, Anna and Elsa. Through different researches and literature reviews, including the movies themselves, Disney can be seen slowly making strides along with the surrounding culture andRead MoreFairytales : The Way Of The Society And Mainstream Pop Culture1457 Words   |  6 Pageswomen are inferior to men. Traditional gender role stereotypes in fairytales negatively impact young children. Stereotypes are a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Some widely known stereotypes about gender are women are compassionate, cook and clean, and dependent. Men are strong, they are not emotional, and are in charge. The list goes on and on. While on the hand there are traditional gender roles. Traditional gender roles are the publicRead MoreThe Body of the Disney Princesses1568 Words   |  6 PagesPrincesses have always been a form of innocence for young girls. However, while it’s clear that the majority of people adore the Disney Princesses, still, most can see the impact it can produce on young girls that will follow them into adulthood. Literature Review According to various articles, although the Disney Princesses seem to be an innocent form of entertainment for young girls, their overall messages serve as a negative influence on how they develop into adults. This is where the unrealisticRead MoreCompare/Contrast the Treatment of Femininity in Pygmalion and Medea1437 Words   |  6 PagesHistorically, the treatment of femininity in literature is wide ranging. Some texts explore the feelings and responsibilities involved with typically feminine traits such as motherhood and in social environments, while others highlight more feminist issues such as the struggle for equality and male oppression. Authors of both sexes have made major contributions to this area in literature but it remains surprising that male writers have been able to perceptively portray women above their previously

Easements free essay sample

An easement essentially is a right in another’s land and confers both a benefit and a burden. Megarry Wade[1] introduces easements by stating: â€Å"The common law recognised a limited number of rights which one landowner could acquire over the land of another; and these rights were called easements and profits. Examples of easements are rights of way, rights of light and rights of water. † Easements can exist in all number of ways, including an easement to store goods as in Wright v Macadam[2] and an easement to use an airfield as in Dowty Boulton Paul Ltd v Wolverhampton Corporation. 3] However, the requirements to ensure the validity of easements can actually restrict the range of rights that can operate as easements. Some may argue that the law which governs the creation and acquisition of easements has been developed in a haphazard manner and is in need of reform. Indeed, Dr Martin Dixon[4] commented on this: â€Å"Section 62 LPA 1925 is difficult to justify and usually operates only to rescue parties who have failed to specify what they really want or to catch out the innocent but unadvised land owner. We will write a custom essay sample on Easements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is not clear that it has a role in a system of e-conveyancing. There are uncertainties about its precise field of operation, save that it operates only on grant. † The conditions needed to satisfy the creation of an easement were set out in Re Ellenborough[5], whereby four rules were set out for a right to be capable of becoming an easement. Firstly, there must be a dominant and servient tenement, whereby the benefit of the right must attach to a piece of land and not that of the individual. Secondly, the easement itself on the servient tenement must accommodate the dominant tenement, meaning that it is imperative that it is connected with its enjoyment as well as for its benefit, as in Hill v Tupper[6]. This rule has caused somewhat controversy over the years as this case, along with the case of Ackroyd v Smith[7] have showed the classification of easements to be closed and limited to only well-recognised types. The third rule in Re Ellenborough states that the dominant and servient tenements must be different people and therefore cannot be owned by the same person as in the case of quasi-easements. Lastly, the easement must be capable of comprising the subject matter of a grant, which includes a number of ideas aimed at controlling the range of possible easements. For example; in order for it to become an easement, the right must be of a clear description and precise definition in its meaning and must not be solely used for the purposes of enjoyment. In Re Aldred[8] it was held that a right to a good view could not constitute as an easement. This would suggest that the acquisition of easements would be not to be found unclear as it warrants against creating miscellaneous definitions. However, some may argue that this last condition in Re Ellenborough allows for judicial discretion and indeed flexibility within the system, as new easements can actually come to exist such as an easement to use a letterbox in Goldberg v Edwards. [9] The rules in Re Ellenborough simply act as a guide for the judge, but often a judge may choose to recognize an easement based on the needs of the property, the behavior of the parties and the circumstances regarding the case. Hence, in this view, the law is uncertain as it becomes somewhat difficult to assert if a new right will pertain to being an easement. In relation to how easements are created, there are three ways in which it was recognised an easement could be created; by way of express or reserved grant, implied or reserved grant by operation of statute or lastly, by operation of prescription. An express grant is the most common way in which easements are created, whereby the owner of the servient land agrees in writing to grant the owner of the dominant land a right over their land for the benefit of the dominant land. *** An easement may also come into being via an implied grant as mentioned previously, through reason of necessity, by  the common intention of the parties, under  the rule in Wheeldon v Burrows and Under  Section 62 of the LPA 1925. However, the above methods of acquiring easements by implied grant can often overlap, as easements created by implication are more difficult to define, as it depends entirely on the facts and circumstances of each unique case whether or not an easement by implication can exist. In terms of by way of necessity, a property to be conveyed can have an implied easement attached onto it, if the use of the easement is reasonably necessary for the enjoyment of the property and is apparent, continuous and in existence at the precise time when the property is being conveyed. Easements by implication are much harder to define. Whether or not an easement by implication exists will depend on the facts and circumstances unique to each case. The established rule found in Wheeldon v Burrow is that on grant of the land, the grantee will acquire all easements which are continuous and apparent, and have been and are at the time of the grant being used by the grantor for the benefit of the land itself. Therefore, following the rule in Wheeldon v Burrows, easements operate in favour of the grantee and against the grantor, as the grantee will be able to claim as an implied easement a right over the land that has been retained by the grantor. However, the rule that the right must be necessary for the reasonable enjoyment of land poses a problem of sorts. The right in question is not essential for the enjoyment of the land, but rather the right should accommodate the dominant tenement. This shows how imprecise the rules regarding Wheeldon v Burrow can be in certain cases, especially in Wheeler v J. J. Saunders Ltd. [10] In section 62 of the Land Property Act 1925, certain requirements are also laid down. This statute implies easements where there has been â€Å"some diversity of ownership or occupation of the quasi-dominant and servient tenements prior to the conveyance. If the purchase is by way of deed, these rights automatically will be transferred along with the conveyance to the grantee unless expressly excluded in the conveyance as in the case of Wright v Macadam. [11] Additionally, the right must be enjoyed at the specific time when the conveyance occurs and the right has to be capable of being an easement, not merely just a permission granted as held in Green v Ascho Horticulturalist Ltd. [12] Turning to easements obtained by prescription, one could say this is similar to acquiring title by adverse possession. It arises from uninterrupted use of land, whereby a non-landowner can gain the prescriptive easement in a property that he does not own if he meets all the requirements stated. Typically, these requirements include using the easement for twenty years (as ruled S. 2 Prescriptions Act 1832 and found in the case of Reilly v Orange[13]), ensuring exclusive control is maintained over it, using it continuously during this period and doing this in a manor which makes it clear to the current owner.

Total Quality Management Xerox

Introduction Total quality management is a variation of lean manufacturing principles that originated in Japan. Toyota Production System first developed them. Over the years, the concepts have morphed into various business tools, including the TQM that is now a comprehensive tool used by almost all major firms in the Western world.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Total Quality Management: Xerox specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More TQM incorporates customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and workforce commitment (Lai, Lui Hon 2014).  The following are achievable with adequate total quality management implementation in a firm. First, the firm will strengthen its competitive position, have high productivity, enhance its market image, increase its profitability, and ensure that employees have job security. These and other results depend on the nature of TQM implementation and the business sector. A q uestion concerning implementation is whether it contributes to better functioning of other tools and whether TQM leads to the desired results. Additional queries may relate to whether the business in question is also reaping sustainable benefits. Xerox case This section now examines the application of TQM in Xerox Corporation. Familiarity with Xerox and research on the company through secondary literature sources informs the analysis. Among multinational Western firms, Xerox is one of the most quality conscious one. It began implementing TQM in 1980. The company develops its TQM practices to respond to changes in its business environment and to shape its operations to enjoy a competitive advantage. Company background The firm started operations in 1906 in the USA. Five decades later, it had made its first plain paper copier. Its profit growth was 20 per cent annually by the start of the 21st century (Xerox 2004). Stock prices for the public company soared.Advertising Looking fo r critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, its company’s growth nosedived soon afterwards. Its stock price fell from a high of USD 70 in 1999 to less than USD 5 in 2001. During the period, the company lost USD 30 billion as market value (Xerox 2004). Worldwide, Xerox has a reputation to uphold, as the world’s best photocopier manufacturer. Its success is a demonstration of right management principles, tool usage, and positive sustainable outcomes. Implementation of TQM at Xerox began as a reaction to the negative market performance. The company lost about 65 percent of market share in the 1980s and was moving towards obsolescence. It needed to change its strategies and once again become dominant in the market. At the time, key sources of competition were Japanese manufacturers that were embracing a low cost market strategy to upset incumbent rivals like Xerox in the general ele ctronics and office equipment markets. Although Japanese copiers were very affordable for most businesses, they did not compromise on quality, which made them irresistible to customers. Xerox copiers at the time were of high quality, but costs of production were very high, such that cutting prices would translate to company losses. Main findings The introduction of TQM was a change of tactic that would seek to ensure that Xerox copiers curve out a new niche market segment and fulfil consumer preferences. Xerox opted to go for a quality edge, instead of being fixated on prices and finding ways to produce cheaper products than competitors do. Its new value proposition would be to attain leadership through quality. Xerox would leap ahead of the innovation curve and defend its brand image. It would grow its reputation by designing well-functioning and long lasting products.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Total Quality Management: Xerox specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, the company was also looking at maintaining long-term relationships with customers. It would only achieve this feat through adequate quality management. Research on TQM benefits in company shows that having TQM is not an end in itself. Firms also have to embrace the critical features and principles that promote TQM implementation for them to maximise its benefits (Fawcett et al. 2014). Employee commitment The goal of TQM at Xerox is to manage for results. This applies to all operations of the firm. The company wants to have production improvements and revenue increases consistently. It relies on the management of quality as its main strategy. To achieve its success, the company used TQM principles to make changes in the way it does business and relates to customers, suppliers, and employees. Today, Xerox is back to its glorious past, where it commands a substantial market share in printing and document p roduction business globally. It has the support of employees and customers and its revenue and returns on investment are high. The company realized that suppliers, including employees as labour suppliers, were sources of quality compromises. It also noticed the spread of resources when dealing with many independent suppliers for specific production components became less efficient than collective dealings. As a remedy, it consolidated manufacturing facilities so that it would only deal with groups of suppliers. It made economic sense, as group relations afforded Xerox economies of scale and gave it a bargaining power in negotiations, as it could easily take advantage of intra competition among suppliers. Most importantly, groups of suppliers lowered the cost of quality implementation. With suppliers organized into a group, the company could organize supplier relationship systems to undertake quality inspections and lower its overhead costs by eliminating marginal costs in procuremen t, inspection, shipping, and supply management. Moreover, consolidation meant that Xerox now had a manageable small supplier base. Its task of increasing employee empowerment also became achievable after the renewed focus. It was able to extend monitoring systems to the suppliers and assume a better position that allowed the firm know in advance when a problem arises.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With few overheads in supply and a low number of suppliers, employee requirement for Xerox in the manufacturing and supply management remains low. Continuous improvement results When Xerox was losing money in 2001, it was still implementing TQM; however, a change in the external environment meant that the company’s production strategy was no longer viable. Photocopiers were turning digital and Xerox was still stuck in the analogue world. After the decline, the company retaliated with its digital production press for the production market. It also enhanced its office product line to include digital copiers and printers. The company worked towards increasing its revenue and reducing costs so that it would offset the losses encountered prior to the year 2004. Performance over the last decade has been promising, which shows that the tactics used by the firm paid off. Its financial performance for the last few years has been positive, with promises for future revenue growth (Xerox 2014). Other than the shortcomings of failing to catch up with technological trends, Xerox has made considerable efforts to be at par with customer demands and environmental threshold capabilities. In addition to photocopiers, the company offers LCD monitors, printers, large volume digital printers, workflow software, and other office productivity software. The company relies on benchmarking, as it works towards sustaining its competitive advantages. This is a process of improving towards, and considering best practices (Xerox 2014). Benchmarking can be of different types, such as strategic, process, functional, internal, external, and international. Each type has a different aim and scope of comparison. Benchmarking is a multiple step process that begins with planning and the data collection, which precede analysis and reporting. After that, the firm makes changes based on the report (Rani, Duhan Deshwal 2012). After initial market troubles, Xerox benchmarked its operations again st Japanese companies. Xerox realised that it takes twice as long to produce compared to Japanese competitors. At the same time, the number of technical staff needed by Xerox for the same production process was almost five times higher than the number used by Japanese firms. For example, there would be five more engineers at Xerox than at its competitor, and they would all develop similar products. The company also experienced design changes that were four times higher than the competitors. Consequently, it spent more on design costs, with figures being three times more than the competitors. As Xerox manufactured goods, Japanese firms had already sold them to the market. They were fast, low cost, and high quality at a retail price that was equal to the manufacturing cost at Xerox. Xerox had over 30,000 defective parts per million due to the inherent inefficiencies and the lack of quality management. This was 30 times more than what competitors reported.  After finding out its bad position against the competitors, the company opted to follow the benchmarking process to achieve similar results and surpass the competitors in some aspects of its operations. In planning stages, it came up with the features for benchmarking. In addition, it had to come up with an appropriate data collection method to facilitate effective capturing of information for subsequent decision-making. Xerox evaluated the rivals’ strength against its strength as part of the analysis. Once it made tangible analysis, it moved on to the step of integration. In this step, necessary goals were put into the overall company planning process. Action steps came later and they included the implementation of established plans. Moreover, the company checked whether the goals that were set were being realized. It also assessed its maturity to determine its position in the market. The suppliers who served Xenon were about five thousand, while those of most Japanese firms were about one thousand. It reduced the number to 500. It was also realized that Xenon’s rivals offered the vendors skills in quality control, among other areas. To match up, Xerox opted to introduce a vendor certification process. It consisted of training suppliers and then certifying them and establishing partnerships that would provide a means of telling them the areas for improvement. Xenon informed the vendors about the changes that were undertaken in the bid to enhance customer experience. This ensured that the firm became proficient in supplier management and was able to increase overall quality of the business unit consistently. Xenon got rid of inventory bottlenecks caused by excess capacity, or non-matching customer orders and production stocking levels as part of inventory management. A key indicator of performance improvement was the capital cycle period. The company also minimized its inventory carrying cost. With smart document management solutions, the firm allowed customers to shift t o an on-demand model for producing documents. The method retained quality and saved in inventory costs for customers and Xerox (Xerox 2004). The manufacturing system recognizes internal customers like assembly line workers and external customers like the end users. The people at Xerox connect to customers and their businesses. Relationships between employees and customers or the firm are personalised (Xerox 2004). With product innovation, the company has come up with new ways of enhancing the functionality of its main products to reduce damage and waste so that they are more beneficial to client businesses. For example, the firm develops smart packaging products that can track temperature and relay consumption information with every opening. They act as additional information collection centres for the company and fulfil customer needs for better functional designs (Xerox 2014). Customer satisfaction On customers, a philosophy of being oriented to customer demands drives Xeroxâ€⠄¢s strategy. Here, manufacturing goals have a quality aspect, in addition to being quantity based, because of firm performance targets. The current goal is to ensure that customer interaction with Xerox at any point is rewarding to both parties. Points of interaction include Xerox copiers, employees, and marketing campaigns. The company seeks to have all activities meet high quality standards, such that it does not have to worry about customers interacting with any of the company aspects and finding out there are poor quality elements. Thus, customer satisfaction encompasses everything that the company does internally and externally. The realization of customer satisfaction goals is a management task. In addition, the company continues to move elements of its production-based strategies to customer based ones (Xerox 2014). Achieving the customer satisfaction feat comes with a full dedication of all members of the organization to be considerate of the market and be alert about oppor tunities for improvement. Entrepreneurship shows in the spirit of employees, while personal initiative ensures that there are incremental changes that enhance the overall quality of the company tradition, customer relationship, and product features at all levels of the organization (Sikdar Payyazhi, 2014). Customer satisfaction goals continue to be key pillars of quality of the company. The firm continues to invest in other businesses that are likely to increase its value creation for customers. Rather than offer standalone products, Xerox now takes part in integrating its office and production systems, together with clients and their end users for both public and private customers. The company is now moving towards being a service-led company. It provides products, but it also enhances their utility and fulfils customer needs by making the customer part of an overall process of designing and solving needs. Thus, the company has to constantly add new features and eliminate the chal lenges that relate to service delivery. A key indicator for its success is the rate of contract renewals for managing services that it provides. The year 2013 saw a 92 per cent increase in business processes and IT outsourcing business (Xerox 2014). The company also retained its global leadership in digital technology products. Service revenues for the firm were only 24 per cent of its total revenue in 2009. In 2013, they made up 55 per cent of total revenue (Rani, Duhan Deshwal 2012). Discussion According to Rani, Duhan and Deshwal (2012), the gains made by Xerox, such as the reported reduction in supplied parts defects by the early 1990s, are attributable to the robustness of TQM applications. Today, TQM can serve both private and public organizations, with equal gains expected. The focus of quality refers to meeting the expectations of customers and financial stakeholders. It can extend to meet societal needs and personnel needs. As much as the basic definition of quality has re mained the same over the last few decades, understanding has undergone an evolution. In its original foundation, TQM aims to discourage reactions and promotes planning and production. It favours first-time prevention, instead of inspection and conformance to requirements.  Looking at Xerox, success came because management was committed and offered a storing top-to-bottom support. The company held a strong customer focus in its internal and external processes. The entire Xerox workforce was, and continues to be part of TQM implementation. Business improvement is happening in a continuous manner, while the firm is becoming more innovative in its production. Lastly, the company opted to treat its suppliers as partners. It involves them in its long-term plans and accommodates their needs in its strategic plans to ensure that high quality production remains sustainable.  Success at Xerox was achieved by focusing on information. The question was about what the firm could do with knowl edge of its internal processes and the competition. Although the company embraces technology, it only does so when the underlying information makes economic sense.  Continuous improvement and employee empowerment are features of TQM. Achieving perfection may not be possible in a dynamic business setting. Nevertheless, organizations need to improve their performance recurrently to enjoy compounded effects of growth, development, and efficiency. On the other hand, employee empowerment is recognition of the internal customer of the organization and the first public relations officer. Under this feature, a firm lets employees suggest changes and spot problems in production. Forthcoming employees receive rewards, instead of punishment.  Process management and product design are also features of TQM. They relate to the quality of source materials being determined before processing or production commences and the ability of a product to meet customer needs based on its functions, usage , and practicality respectively. A firm has to make sure that suppliers offer same quality practices to it so that time for inspection and resources used for verification of quality standards remain minimal. With product design, a firm seeks to put customer preferences into technical requirements of products, such that product performance in the market experiences grows. Issues of TQM Coming up with a comprehensive implementation of total quality management in a firm needs total commitment from the staff. With participation of every member of the firm and their commitment, some TQM features may remain unachievable. In addition, the level of commitment and participation differs among the hierarchical levels of the organization. An important thing is to have the management staff doing more as both workers and mentors to influence expected behaviour and the attitude of the junior staff (Sikdar Payyazhi, 2014).  Once the staff exhibit commitment, an additional step is to have a compa ny-wide improvement process. Here, the basic feature is measurement of performance, and then implementing new or existing strategies to increase the performance and achieve new benchmarks. Monitoring ensures that a firm is in touch with its features of TQM, such that improvements and corrections to problems happen immediately upon the identification of a need. The determination to push forward with the changes brought by TQM is important. Demanding continuous improvement may not be straightforward and comfortable, but this is what overall success requires. Consequently, a firm’s leadership may have to look into attaining high satisfaction levels for all the organizational members as part of the collective strive to gain firm-level triumph. While implementing and fostering commitment is critical, there is also a heightened need for quality, which is the principle factor within TQM. Quality is a measure of excellence in processes, products, interactions, relationships, and stra tegies of a firm (Cronholm Salomonson 2014). Any features of poor quality undermine overall gains that a firm makes towards being a preferred organization to work in and a fierce competitor. Quality achievement comes at a cost. To gain good quality, a firm has to use resources and adopt a specific tactic to avoid consequences of poor quality. At the same time, if a firm has poor quality, then the cost suffered in terms of missed opportunities and declining business prospects is the problem that it will have to deal with. Thus, a firm must evaluate whether prevention, appraisal, and implementation costs of TQM are appropriate investments and whether their returns is higher than the lack of initiative, which reverts a firm back to its initial losing position. Among prevention costs incurred by most firms are procurement inspection, quality training, design, machine inspection, field testing, sampling, and monitoring along the supply chain (Azadi, Farzipoor Hosseinzadeh 2014). TQM is applicable to all activities undertaken by an organization. The improvements achieved help to increase opportunities and efficiencies of other non-related sections of the organization. For example, improvement in procurement inspection lessens the demand for process inspection and allows an organization to reallocate resources and maintain agility towards changing business environments. On the customer side, satisfaction is the product of quality management. The same achievements are possible for suppliers. The essential thing is that performance enhances across the organization, affecting all its business processes and stakeholders (Eltantawy, Giunipero Handfield 2014). Quality costs narrow down to prevention, appraisal, and avoidance of failure. Taking precaution is expensive, but not taking it can be more expensive for a firm; therefore, it is a necessary cost. The same is true for appraisal costs, which relate to the expense paid to detect flaws in quality across the entire fi rm’s spectrum. Appraisal costs will include the funds used to perform in-house checks, together with those paid to third-party inspectors. It will also include the time and other non-monetary resources used by the firm to achieve its total quality management. Future of workforce commitment and continuous improvement at Xerox As Xerox focuses on service delivery as its next area of growth, it increases demand for expertise, employee citizenship behaviour, and quality control of its employees and business partners’ staff. Determination of quality at a service level is the same as that of a physical product. For example, the number of defects is not as countable in a service, as they are in a physical product. Sometimes, errors in service delivery and customer relations compound and take time to reveal. Setting standards and conforming to them when the product is intangible is problematic. Xerox meets the service delivery challenge by emphasizing on information gathering and knowledge sharing (Xerox 2014).  Xerox can control the manner of delivering services to clients by integrating suppliers, employees, and customers in its plans and their execution, such as review of designs and inventory management. With this approach, it is possible to learn about mistakes and eliminate them in collaboration with clients to prevent the loss of business (Mosadeghrad, 2014).  Some aspects of TQM at Xerox are not as visible as they were two decades ago when the process was initiated at the firm. Today, quality management has become part of an ongoing tradition. Benchmarking may not reflect the competition in isolation, but it integrates with customer and employee features. The blurring line of business partners and customers also makes information differentiation from competitors and customer preferences difficult and may pose a challenge for data analysis for the company (Moskovkin, Bocharova Balashova 2014). Conclusion The implementation of TQM at Xerox has been one of the reasons for sustained success over the last few decades. At the same time, incidences of company poor performance at the end of the 20th century show that TQM is only advantageous when it also ensures that the firm remains agile to changing business environment conditions. The findings from a review of Xerox show that the firm is moving towards being a service-oriented company. Many of its success strategies were based on manufacturing. As a global business, service delivery has a number of challenges. Nevertheless, the adoption of quality control benchmarks and insisting on employee empowerment ensure that the firm’s service oriented strategy is paying off. Reference List Azadi, M, Farzipoor, SR Hosseinzadeh, ZK 2014, ‘A new goal-directed benchmarking for supplier selection in the presence of undesirable outputs’, Benchmarking, vol 21, no. 3, pp.314-328. Cronholm, S Salomonson, N 2014, ‘Measures that matters: service quality in IT servic e management’, International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, vol 6, no. 1, pp. 60-76. Eltantawy, R, Giunipero, L Handfield, R 2014, ‘Strategic sourcing management’s mindset: strategic sourcing orientation and its implications’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol 44, no. 10, pp. 768-795. Fawcett, MA, Fawcett, S, Cooper, M Daynes, K 2014, ‘Moments of angst’, Benchmarking, vol 21, no. 3, pp. 450-480. Lai, J, Lui, S Hon, A 2014, ‘Does standardized service fit all?’, Int J Contemp Hospitality Mngt, vol 26, no. 8, pp.1341-1363. Mosadeghrad, MA 2014, ‘Essentials of total quality management: a meta-analysis’, International J Health Care QA, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 544-558. Moskovkin, V, Bocharova, E Balashova, O 2014, ‘Journal benchmarking for strategic publication management and for improving journal positioning in the world ranking systems’, Campus-Wide Informatio n Systems, vol. 31, no. 2/3, pp. 82-99. Rani, S, Duhan, RK Deshwal, S 2012, ‘Study of implentation of total quality management for defect reduction in manufacturing industry’, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering , vol 1, no. 3, pp. 11-14. Sikdar, A Payyazhi, J 2014, ‘A process model of managing organizational change during business process redesign’, Business Process Mgmt Journal, vol. 20, no. 6, pp.971-998. Xerox 2004, Anuual report 2003, https://www.xerox.com/annualreport/xerox_2003.pdf. Xerox 2014, Annual report 2013, https://www.xerox.com/annualreport/2013/assets/xerox-oar-2013-full.pdf. This critical writing on Total Quality Management: Xerox was written and submitted by user Kevin Randall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Where Have All The Forests Gon essays

Where Have All The Forests Gon essays What is happening to the Earth? Our home is becoming a barren mass of sorrow. Most people in America are blind to what is going on. Could it be that every individual is just turning a cheek the other way. America is faced with an extremely serious problem, and if it is not acted upon there will be nothing left on Earth. Hopefully it will still be able to thrive after the numerous accounts of human destruction. Deforestation in America is a huge problem with devastating affects to humans. The root causes of this travesty are mainly the ongoing need to increase Americas economic growth, and the idea of frontierism. These two aspects of deforestation tie together well. Together they help define the thought process that Americans have adopted through the years. The essential part of a successful country is their economy. America is one of the largest consumer societies on the planet. Why? The need to gain more and more possessions is ridiculous. Since the nineteen fifties America has s een life through material objects. This has fueled the economic growth in America tremendously. Deforestation is affecting individuals in American society through their need to peruse the consumption of paper products, lumber for homes, heating systems, and furniture. The action that is being taken to solve the negative affects of this ongoing obsession is limited. Frontierism is an ignorant way of life that is adopted by many Americans. The fundamentals of frontierism believe, The Earth is a space of unlimited resources for humans to use at will. Humans are apart from nature and the laws of the natural land do not apply to humans. The well being of humans stems from controlling the environment, (Chiras 34). This is a cluster of ridiculous ideas concocted by the ignorant and selfish minds of humans that are blind to the consequences of future destruction. Frontierism plays a huge role in contributing to deforestation in America because...

Cross culture awareness for managers The WritePass Journal

Cross culture awareness for managers Introduction Cross culture awareness for managers IntroductionPower distance:Individualism:Masculinity:Uncertainty avoidance:Long Term Orientation:Universalism vs. Particularism:Individualism vs. Communitarianism:Neutral vs. Emotional:Specific vs. Diffuse:Achievement vs. Ascription:The Environment:References:Related Introduction â€Å"A Fish only discovers its need for water when it is no longer in it. Our own culture is like water to a fish. It sustains us. We live and breathe through it. What one may regard as essential, a certain level of material wealth for example, may not be so vital to other cultures.† (Trompenaars et al, 1999, p.20) To put it in simple term, culture is inclusive of the information, principles and awareness of the society. Demonstrate the different method of people who lives in various environments. With a wide range of approach in which cultural ideas are carried out. According to Ziauddin Sardar their features are as follows: Their aim is to carry out subjective study of cultural practices and how they are associated to control. It includes culture as both the object of study and the locations of political criticism and action. They are devoted to an ethical valuation of society and to political action (Olivier Serrat,   2008). â€Å"A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of actions.† Values are feelings with arrows to them,i.e. it has a plus and minus pole. Hofstede, G (2003) A culture is adjusted in the direction of history and the future is the repetition of the   history. Culture primarily directed to the present does not involve past or future. individuals are directly relate it with   demands of everyday life. (Provenmodel, 2005) Past events of culture does not affect the future prospects of culture. Efficient  Ã‚   way of interacting with the people in other countries, we should look into its deep roots on different cultures as per Geert Hofstede.   Well understanding and its implication, the data will reduce concern and frustration. Apart   from the Geert Hofstede will give you ‘edge of understanding’ which convert to more flourishing results. Below mentioned are the five dimensions: (Luciara N and Richard S, 2009) Power distance: It is true to say that the less developed and low powerful associates believe that power is dispersed unequally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism: The true face of nature is that the people in the society are selfish, i.e. they are concerned for themselves and the family members only. (Provenmodel, 2005) Masculinity: The leading communal values are success, money, and things. (Provenmodel, 2005) Uncertainty avoidance: Nature is place where uncertainty happens, so the individuals living in that society are feared by the unhappening scenarios and feels that it is wise to avoid such scenarios. (Provenmodel, 2005) Long Term Orientation: It represents the values like economy, determination, and conventional value of social obligations. (Provenmodel, 2005) Trompenaar and   Hampden –Turner gathered data over 10 years   using a process that   relied on generous   respondents   , predicament   or distinct tendencies. Here the problem consisted of two options which are mentioned as follow:- (Anonymous , N.D. ) Universalism vs. Particularism: Universalism is the ideas/practices which can be applied everywhere, high universalism countries and these are close adhere to business contracts while particularism are those circumstances which dictate how ideas/practices apply; high particularism countries often modify contracts. (Provenmodel, 2005) Individualism vs. Communitarianism: In Individualism, people as individuals and countries with high individualism are included, and are stress personal and individual matters which assumes great personal responsibility. On the other hand, in communitarianism public look upon selves as part of group and value group-related issues and take committee decisions for which they are joint responsibility. (Provenmodel, 2005) Neutral vs. Emotional: Neutral: culture in which emotions not shown. In high neutral countries, people maintain serenity. While in emotional, emotions are shown in open and they act as they are, i.e. they don’t behave in different way, they behave naturally. (Provenmodel, 2005) Specific vs. Diffuse: In Specific, huge public areas are used by many while small areas are looked after closely. In Diffuse, public and private areas are   similar in size wherein public areas are guarded as it is common with the private areas. (Provenmodel, 2005) Achievement vs. Ascription: In Achievement culture, it doesn’t matter who does it, what matters is how is it done (job, performance, etc.) while Ascription culture is truly based on who does it and what is done. (Provenmodel, 2005) Time:- In simple way, it means the whether the role is done one by one or all the things are done together. Sequential means that the activity is conducted in a series or pattern wherein the line of performance is pre decided. Synchronous means all things are done together, i.e. multi tasking. The last method is present v/s future. (Provenmodel, 2005) The Environment: Inner-directed people believes in control of outcomes while Outer-directed people are opposite to them.(Provenmodel, 2005) Let us see the comparison between Hofstede and Trompenaars which are out of seven dimensions of Trompenaars, two are closely reflected in Hofstede’s   dimensions. Also there is a practical similarity between their communitarians value orientation. Trompenaars and hofstede’s studies are not entirely similar, Hofstede’s power index is related to how the status is accorded and to the power distance that is acceptable with the society, while Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner has not discussed anything about power distance. Trompenaars achievement value orientation is related to Hofstede’s power distance index. Which shows that status is accorded not by achievement but by the nature, this gives greater acceptability to power distances. Trompenaars other dimensions seem to focus on the feelings, and the extent to which they are expressed. Thus it only focuses on the behavioural aspect, not on the value. Trompenaar’s universalism value orientation holds relationships above the rules, which appears to relate to hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance dimension and also to collectivist dimension to some extent. Trompenaars specific value orientation is not identical to any of the Hofstede’s dimensions. However, human time relationship and Hall’s polychromatic and monochromic time perceptions are quite similar to each other. There is also a similarity in their findings. For eg. according to them, india and japan are weak as far as individualism is concerned, on thte other hand UK, Denmark and USA are comparatively individualistic. According to Hogget’s and Luthans, the difference between the two studies is due to the difference in time frames in which they were conducted. Thus, Hofstede’s findings are becoming outdated. For eg. mexico’s step towards   being global, can be taken as a moving away from its communitarian values. According to Trompenaars findings, communist countries that is   Hungary, Russia and CrechRepublic are quite individualistic, with a communist past. According to Trompenaars, UK and the North America have egalitarian cultures, while, Spain and France are Hierarchical. As per Hofstede’s research spain and france are high when it comes to power distance as compared to UK and the North Ammerica. Trompnaars and Hofsdete hold different views about Germany. According to the former, Germany’s corporate culture is hierarchical, while the latter considers Germany as low in terms of power distance. Trompenaars research is extensive, he has examined corporate cultures in terms of nationality, for which he introduced another dimension named equality versus hierarchy. Now contrasting the two approaches   of the Geert Hofstede , dutch   expert and Fons trompenaars Charles   Hampden-Turner. The findings   and studies of Geert hofstede and Fons Trompenaars have been adopted by many businesses, for the purpose of understanding the differences in individual and organizational cultures across the globe. Other   anthropologists, sociologist have grave misgivings and are   important for analysis used by Hofstede. Hofstede’s 5 dimensions have a strange similarity to national character studies that were conducted in 1940’s and WW II on which intensive research was carried out by researchers, the research was spoilt and was not of any use because it was prone to bias and simply created sterotypes of other cultures. Hofstede and trompenaars work should not be associated with WW ii studies, except the fact that lessons learnt from the past should be remembered. In the current state of affairs, anthropologists might be uncomfortable in popping down the trap of understanding the culture to â€Å"5 dimensions of culture† which can be notched up. (Hassoun R, 2006) Similarly, Trompenaars and Turner have framed a seven dimensions model, which   can be taken as varying from the idea of reducing cultural dimensions. Culture, as defined by most anthropologists is that which is adapted and passed to next generations and the structure through which the world is viewed cannot be condensed into a set of simplistic parameters. (Hassoun R, 2006) The Anthropological have looked into the model given by Hofstede and Trompenaars and Turner. But the point to be noted here is that in the anthropological technique concentrated on an overall knowledge of cultures and the sub-cultures. The problem could occur in anthropological approach which will be like raising cultural proficiency in a small guidance wherein the psychological pattern for understanding cultural complexity matters a lot and have significant affect on it. When the guidance which is provided gets completed, it takes bit more time to know the real competency which itself is also a as a procedure. It is very realistic to know that there is desperate need to be patient with good listening skills and open mindedness to grasp the knowledge of different culture which will then guide to know cultural competency. (Hassoun R, 2006) The personal features on the behaviour was not identified by both, Hofstede and Trompenaars. The dimensions of their theories has bifurcation on cultures but what they failed to know and provide guidance was that how to work with some specific cultures. Apart from this, no declaration could be placed ahead that the seven dimensions were the only one and the list was full. Authors such as including Ohmae (Borderless World) and Levitt (Globalisation of Markets) didn’t went ahead with the thing that there is need for different companies to admit there is no similarity in cultures of countries in which they operate (which was said by Trompenaars and Hofstede), rather they said that the world is one and is not filled with different cultures and different countries. (ProvenModel 2005) It is imperative for every manager that he has an understanding of the different cultures. Managers who are more successful their values seem to favour dynamic, pragmatic and achievement – oriented, along with this they believe in interacting with others. On the other hand, managers who are less successful have passive and static values; and are relatively inactive in interacting with others. Cultural competency is focuses on promoting self – confidence of individuals and the teams, this can be achieved through empowerment and by breaking down barriers. A person with interculturally effective skills has attributes which are discussed below:He has the skill of communicating with people of different cultures in a manner that earns them trust and respect.He has the ability to adapt his managerial and technical skills in a way that fits in well with the local constraints and the local conditions.He has the ability to change personally so that he has mental peace, is content and at ease in the mass culture References: Olivier serrat (2008) Cultural theory   [Internet] Available from : adb.org/Documents/Information/Knowledge-Solutions/Culture-Theory.pdf[Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Hofstede, G. (1994) Uncommon Sense About Organisation 1st Edition USA. Hofstede, G. (1980) Culture  Ã‚   [internet] Available from: http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/uploads/approved/adt-VVUT20080910.150544/public/04chapter3.pdf [Accessed on 19th March 2011]. Proven Model (2005).   Seven dimensions of culture [Internet] Available from: provenmodels.com/580/seven-dimensions-of-culture/charles-hampden-turnerfons-trompenaars/ [ Accessed on 19th March 2011] Ananymous   , n.d. Home and Host Country determinants of International Bank Entry [internet] Available from: scribd.com/doc/43918450/Factors-Affecting-International-Bank-Entry[Accessed on 20th March 2011]. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luciara N and Richard S, (2009).The   cultural theory jungle:divergence and convergence   in models of national culture. 1st edition  Ã‚   Cambridge ,Uk. Hassoun R, (2006) Intercultural/Cross-Cultural Training: Rejecting Hofstede and Trompenaars [internet] available from: goldfinchtraining.biz/hofstederejected.htmls [accessed on 19th march 2011].\ Titre F (2005) Cultural dimensions and social behavior correlates:Individualism-Collectivism and Power Distance. Journal of cultural Dimensions   18(1)   . Trompenaars et al (1999) (p.20)10. Hofstede, G (2003) Available from: Cultures consequences:  comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. SAGE. (pp. 5,6)

The Waldorf Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Waldorf Property - Essay Example The strands are then hardened using cold air and then passed through the draw twister which reduces the diameter of the strands making them resistance to break. The strands are finally packed by hand in a special container. The problem faced by the firm include the breakdown of the draw twisting machine that can only be allocated 1,000 hours and this means that it can only produce only a third of its capacity, the other problem is that the competitor need to be informed about the hire of the spinning machine as soon as possible. The other problem is that there is need to allocate more spinning hours to denier 44/10sd due to its increasing demand. Finally the marketing department fore see an increase in the price for denier 84/21fd by 25% The industry seem to have idle capacity as indicated by the possibility of hiring a spinning machine, the price of the products they produce also seem to fluctuate by a large margin especially the denier 15/1g. The industry is a perfect competitive market in that prices are determined by demand and supply this is evident in the memorandum by the assistance manager to increase production of 44/10sd due to increasing demand for the product. The company makes decisions at the beginni... If we are to compare the two deniers the 15/1g denier is more profitable than the 84/21fd denier, this can be mathematically proven by the Aprils production as follows 15/1g 84/21fd Production in kgs 4,200 9,600 Variable cost 88 74 Total cost 369600 710400 Market price 178 124 Total revenue 747600 1,190400 Profit 378000 480000 Profit per kg 90 50 Possible Decision Alternatives: The company should hire the excess capacity for the spinning stage, this will ensure that the right quantities of its products are produced, and there should also be an increase in the production of 84/21fd denier whose price is expected to rise and also in the production of the denier 44/10sd. Evaluation of alternatives: If the company produces more of denier 84/21 which is less profitable, it may not maximize its profits, the reason being this denier spends more time in the draw twisting machine, this is seen where only 12kgs of the 84/21fd are produced per hour in the draw twisting machine as compared to 15 kgs of 15/1g produced per hour, therefore by producing more of the 84/21fd will minimize profits in that this denier is less

What do you think will be the most critical issue facing the corporate Essay

What do you think will be the most critical issue facing the corporate world during the next few years - Essay Example For companies to adapt to the fast-paced business scenario, change in prevailing organizational culture is required. To address this, companies should find means to communicate desired changes to employees. They should be able to hone their workforce such that everybody becomes committed to make their respective companies more competitive. To maximize their productivity, companies should be able to instill to their employees that high-quality output and multi-tasking are rewarded and held at a premium. Moreover, companies should be able motivate their employees amidst the uncertainty of employment tenure. With globalization, labor turnover has dramatically escalated. As companies pursue streamlined operations, changes in skill requirements result. As such, thousands of people have been retrenched. Those retained by the companies usually feel demotivated with their productivity adversely affected. In view of the above, companies should be able to fortify their human resource management function. They should continuously undertake staff programs that will further enhance employee performance. Furthermore, they should be able to balance the process of economic globalization with employee welfare and satisfaction (Kinley & Joseph).

Suffering of Woman Protagonist in Male Hegemony Society Within The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

Suffering of Woman Protagonist in Male Hegemony Society Within The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Women role in a society has always been changing since prehistoric times so it could not be difined accuratly. However there always has been a stereotype male figure in the society which nearly has not altered since the very first. Besides the women role also differed between religions and civilisations. For instance in early Native American Tribes women were something deified , this however shifted and women no longer thought to be superior , and quite opposite they were considered to be inferior. By 19 century with the influence of the Civil War and all of the social protests demand to improve the woman rights caused many women to question the inferior role patriarchal society cast for them. Due to the fact that north won the war and so slavery was prohibited lead the women to claim their own rights in United States. During the end of 19 century many woman writers wrote various things to show their gender’s suffering living in a male dominant society. In l890 Florence Fenwick Miller , midwife turned journalist describes woman’s position succinctly. Under exclusively man-made laws women have been reduced to the most abject conditions at legal slavery in which it is possible for human beings to be held , under the arbitrary domination of another’s will and dependent for decent treatment exclusively on the goodness of heart of the individual master. ( from a speech to the National Liberal Club) â€Å" The Yellow Wallpaper† was also written during late 19 centuries by Charlotte Perkins Gilman to indicate the female suffrage under male hegemony America. The writer demostrates a common female figure who is remaining passive in all the decisions she should take for her own however instead her husband John decides for everything she should do even in her every day schedule, as the female protagonist states â€Å"I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day ; he takes all care from me, and so I feel basely ungreatful not to value it more. † The narrator also stereotypes all o the male characters she addresses during the short story. She emphasises that they are all the same or worse than each other in treating women. She informs the reader that her husband who is a physician does not believe that she is sick instead he assures friends and relatives that she has nothing except temporary nervous depression. The narrator compares her husband’s opinion about her with her brother’s â€Å"my brother is also a physician, and also of high standing , and he says the same thing. † (13). Another male figure she compare with her husband is Weir Mitchell who is a physician too â€Å"I had a friend who was in his hands once, and she says he is just like John and my brother, only more so! (85). Due to all paralleling she made about opposite gender within the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† we comprehend that the writer is feeling under oppression. Moreover the narrator writes on her secret dairy since she was prohibited to write or read anything. Actually the writer was prohibited to perform everything other than essential needs of human being. It was banned for her to write ,to imagine and to work but she does not share with them the same opinion she states â€Å"personally I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change would do me good. (13). She is unhappy with all the rights they insist her to do however she is sure that these things are not curing her. There are also repetition of some questions â€Å"but what is one to do? † (15), â€Å"and what s one to do? † (9), â€Å"what is one to do? † (10) which indicates that even though the writer does not agree with them in numerous points, she is not able to change neither her marriage nor her life since she knows that women are valued as long as they are supportive to their male companions. Another point is that John belittles and ridicules her fears , opinions and believes. Because when she told her opinion about the yellow wallpaper in which is in their room she says â€Å"he laughs at me so about this wallpaper! † (50). The writer thinks that the yellow wallpaper’s colour is â€Å"repellent† and â€Å"revolting†. Moreover we witness that the woman has worse ideas about this wallpaper â€Å" there are things in the wallpaper that nobody knows but me, or ever will. Behind that outside pattern the dim shapes get clearer every day. It is always the same shape, only very numerous. And like a woman stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. I do not like it a bit. I wonder – I begin to think –I wish John would take me away from here! † (122). We comprehend that John did not care about her feeling concerning the wallpaper in their room therefore that caused her to sight nonfactual things and believe them the most strange fact is that John’s attitude towards her forced her not to tell all what she believes and thinks â€Å"I had no intension of telling him it was because of the wallpaper – he would make fun of me† (169). Besides we understand that John thinks she is still small because he calls her â€Å"little girl† perhaps that is the reason why he wants to control her and give all the decisions about her. Also it could be the reason why she does not tell him about her secret thoughts because he would think that she needs to be controlled. The short story has fascinatingly dramatic end which effects its reader and demonstrates that the writer wants to be freed from this male hegemony oppressing her in her every action . The narrator which was annoyed of the wallpaper in her room and believed that women were trapped beneath the wallpaper got slowly got insane due to that idea and peeled off all the paper intending to free the trapped women. She ends the story by these words â€Å" I have got out at last , in spite of you and Jane . And have pulled off most of the paper, so you can not put me back. † (265). We derive that the women she speaks about is her and all the women trapped in a male dominant society. So she belives she can free them from this pressure by peeling the wallpaper. Probably she sights the wallpaper as the society and her husband. Moreover we observe that she s tired of the role she was given by the society and wants to get rid of it. We witness a similar ending when we read Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse , we face a perfect example for the gender roles : Mrs Ramsay. Mrs Ramsay is a wonderful actor in novel ,playing her role of â€Å"angel in the home† with a laudable diligence. â€Å"†¦.. she had the whole of the other sex under her protection; for reasons she could not explain, for their chivalry and valour, for the fact that they negotiated treaties ,ruled India, controlled finance. (11). Such a view is what we have seen in our houses since our childhood and what is going on in other houses. Being an angelic mother and wife who stays at home and does what her husband says is the only thing that is expected from the female figure nothing more than that is awaited. To get rid of it in order to get base in life as neither being supportive nor supported as needs a sharp cut from the past description of what and who is woman. So that is what Virginia Woolf does by killing Ramsay through the end of the novel. This example shows that many woman writers touched on the same matter in their writings In the given situation in â€Å" The Yellow Wallpaper† we have woman figure whom oppresses her feelings ,imaginations and thoughts because she knows that is the only way she can be accepted by her husband and the society she dwells in. However this female protagonist struggles to gain a base instead submitting society rules and the dominance of masculine hegemony. And finally when she thinks she got free from the place they trapped her , we witness that she got mad. So we can observe the sufferings of the writer due to the man hegemony she is oppressed.

Proactive Policing Essay -- Police Essays Papers

Proactive Policing Community Orientated Policing is widely held as the new and correct style for American policing. For the past decade the community policing movement has been gaining momentum acquiring the support of politicians, scholars, reformers, and the public. Police chiefs around the country are now feeling the pressures of implementation from citizens and local government officials. Many high ranking professional police organization have placed their seal of approval on the new style of policing, including the Police Executive Research forum, the Police Foundation, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, The National Organization Of Black Law Enforcement Executives, And the National Sheriff’s Association. The following U.S. presidents Bill Clinton, George Bush, And Ronald Reagan have all supported community policing, and with the recent passage of the 1994 Crime Act, community policing has received the approval and go ahead from the Federal government (Maguire p368). Due to the involvement of the federal government many American police departments are reporting that they already have or are attempting to implement a community policing program, eventhough a large number of them do not fully understand the implication and obstacles they face with the implementation of the program. Most of the agencies are just inquiring due to the funding. Most of the police organizations applying for the grants do not fully understand the new style, and either intentionally or unintentionally misuse the funds. Community orientated policing is a proactive philosophy that promotes solving problems that are either criminal, affect the quality of life, or increase citizens fear of crime. It involves identifying, analyzing and addressing community problems at their source. Unfortunately, many individuals, both in and outside of policing see community policing as merely putting officers on foot or bike patrol, or by opening mini-stations amongst the community. These approach es misrepresent the true potential of community policing and establish simplistic expectations. (Glensor p14). These simplistic goals, unfortunately, do not allow for the implementer to ready him or herself to be ready for the obstacles they face with the implementation of the program. Vague descriptions of the obstacles they may face consist of officers concern of change, community co... ...ementing long term solutions to community problem instead of readministering the bandage day after day. However through the implementation phase obstacles will be encountered and effective methods of establishment must be pre-administered. In all the success of a community policing program depends on the professionalism and determination of those selected officers administering the program. Given time officers involved in the program will find gratitude due to the fact that they will be allowed to exercise independent thoughts and actions in order to solve community problems through cost-effective and innovative ways. Reference list: Glensor, Ronald W., FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Jul 96, vol. 65 Issue 7, p14. Lurgio, Arthur J. and Wesley G. Skogan, Crime and Delinquency, Jul 94, vol. 40 Issue 3, p315. Skogan, Wesley G. and Mary Ann Wycoff, Quality Policing in Madison: An Evaluation of its Implementation and Impact (final technical report). Washington D.C. The Police Foundation. Walters, Paul M., FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Nov 93, vol. 62 Issue 11, p20. Wycoff, Mary Ann, Community Policing Strategies. 1994. Unpublished final report, Washington

A Thesis in Institutional Management

1. To identify the major theories that is usually taught in most of the universities specializing Hotel and Restaurant Management Major in Institutional Management. 2. How do they implement theories in their companies and the way it is being practiced? 3. To come up with a framework in practices as implemented by selected companies in Malate. Institutional management is often associated with hotel and restaurant management since it is one of the two major courses that can be chosen in taking up Hotel and Restaurant Management. Consistently ranked in the ten top hospitality programs, the Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management (HRIM) program prepares students for careers in the hospitality industry. The four year program leads to a B.S. degree, with a curriculum founded in academic disciplines which include the liberal arts, business, science, and specialized courses in theoretical as well as managerial components for the hotel and restaurant industry (www. udel.edu/CSC/hrim.html). At this present time, Hotel and restaurant management major in Institutional Management and Culinary Arts is very in demand in the Philippines. Related essay: Problems Encountered in Ojt in Hotel In 1890, it was Ellen Richards of New England Kitchen who influenced the home economists to work in food service and in other aspects of managing a variety of institutions, including schools, colleges, orphanages, hospitals, prisons, military facilities, hotels, and restaurants. In 1910, the American Home Economics Association formed the Institution Economics section, and matters related to institutional management-especially school lunches-were popular topics of discussion at conferences and in periodicals. The American Dietetic Association was formed in 1917 as an offshoot of the AHEA, and by the 1920s programs in institutional management were being established in many schools of home economics in land-grant and other universities. In addition, at some universities, schools of hotel and restaurant management were affiliated with schools of home economics and trained students for a wide variety of careers in the hospitality industry. (www.hearth.library.cornell.edu/h/hearth/inst_mgt.html). Degree programs in hospitality management studies like Institutional Management is very important to learn for those who would like to work as managers or supervisors in a restaurant or hotel. It gives details in managing and operating hotels and restaurants and business side of running a hotel or restaurant. It will also provide them with a strong management and service orientation as well as a global perspective of hotel and restaurant operations. In the Philippines, there are a lot of universities, especially in metro manila offers Hotel and Restaurant Management courses because of the development and progress of hospitality industry in the Philippines and outside the country. Many students decide to take this course for they believe it will give them good work and salary in the country or abroad.

Amish Culture

This means that the husband has control over his wife and the decisions and orders he makes are the ones that she must stick by. Amiss women also are the primary caretakers of the home and also school the children. While this Is not the case In Australian culture; In most cases both men and women are seen as equals In Australian culture even though men (In certain cases) are paid more than women. Marriage Isn't required; It's something two people In the Australian culture choose to do. When a couple chooses arraign they still have equal rights In the relationship and both can make decisions together.Females in the Australian culture are responsible for more decisions and men are now taking on more chores and other chores that were traditionally viewed as female roles. The Amiss culture is based on simplicity and religion, their lives are made to be as simple and natural as possible whilst obeying the bible at all times. In the Amiss culture women are to wear solid colored dresses tha t cover most of their kin, an apron and bonnet with their hair tied back and no Jewelry is to be worn.Women are not to tempt men as their natural beauty and simplicity is what attracts an Amiss man, Amiss men wear long pants and shirts, hats and grow beards. In the Amiss culture they do not allow photographs to be taken of them because they believe that drawing attention to them is a sin. The Amiss aim to maintain farms and earn their money through their farms as a lifestyle and an occupation. Whereas, Australian culture is largely made up of individuality and opportunity.Being different to one another and standing out is encouraged, dress code in the Australian culture is entirely made up on what one feels like wearing. Hair color, the way one dresses and the jewelry worn is up to a person to express themselves. Every day in the Australian culture there are new opportunities and different paths that lead to deferent ways of life, every day can be completely different to the one bef ore. Amiss are ultra conservative Christians who try to follow the Bible instead of worldly society around them.The bible is the Mamma's major source of power and authority and Amiss communities are influenced by their church with minimal Influence from the ‘English World' (outside world) with other religions being unaccepted. At the age of 14-16, a child gets to decide whether they would Like to be baptized back Into the Amiss community or Instead leaves the community to Join the English World at the opportunity of a Reemergence. Most decide to enter the Amiss community with a baptism but If they do not they are shunned from their previous community.If baptismal vows are broken then that leads to a member of the community to being shunned. When a member of the community Is shunned It means that they have been excommunicated with the church so that means that they cannot eat or ride with Shunning is a way of punishment to the Amiss for breaking rules because the Amiss communit y is all that one has after being baptized and being shut out from everything and everyone you love makes them learn their lesson. Males in the family are the main sources of power, as fathers are the primary authoritative figure.Decisions are made solely by the father with authority rarely changing. Australians are worldly, all religions are accepted and in most cases in a family both parents have power, authority and decision making over the family. Not all Australians are Christians or are religious at all in that case, meaning that not everyone is baptized. Even if someone in the Australian culture is baptized does not mean that they have to live by the bible. Each Australian has the opportunity to live whichever way they would like to including their religion, occupation and status.

Free Essays on Confucianism

Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, arose many intellectual thinkers that brought such profound impact in the field of politics, religion and philosophy. Even to the day, their influence can be espied in the many matters of China. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Legalism gained immense recognition as well. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. All three approaches were very distinct but at the same time, they contained certain similarities as well. In my reasoning, I find that Confucianism and Daoism could be paralleled in many ways to find several common grounds. On the other hand, Legalism goes on to take a more unique approach which was much different from the previous two. Kongzi (Confucius, a Latinized name) was born in 551 B.C.E., to a poor family of the lower nobility. Throughout his life, he relentlessly tried to gain an office with a prominent ruler of the time who was willing to adopt his various concepts. Unfortunately, Confucius died in 479 B.C.E., before such a change ever took place. However, he succeeded in winning over a handful of devote followers who continued his legacy and Confucianism later went on to become one of the most influential thought systems of Chinese history. Of his followers, Mencius and Xunzi became the most renown. Since Confucius did not succeed in completing a manual of his views, these followers had to derive their own interpretations of the system which now formulate, the Analects. The Analects portray an idealized gentleman, and his various duties in terms of the society, family and the rituals. Confucius explains about the way (Dao) which he believed, that if the people accepted its terms and were willing to abide, they would succeed in creating a utopian s... Free Essays on Confucianism Free Essays on Confucianism Describe the origins and historical development of Confucianism in China up to the present day.† The history of Chinese civilisation spans thousands of years and encompasses countless ideas, beliefs, societal, and political doctrines. For the past two thousand years, the teachings of Confucius have been the basic fundamentals and origins of the entire Confucian Thought System and the behavioural patterns of his followers. However, Confucius himself only adapted several ideas from the ancient dynasties that ruled China, and focused on these practices as his core beliefs. After Confucius, two main Schools of Thought formed; those who chose to follow the adapted teachings of Mancius; and those who adopted those of Hsun-Tzu. Following the development of these two Schools, Neo-Confucianism took a stronghold in China, blending together the old ways of Confucius with the moral teachings of Buddhism. Before endeavouring to understand Confucianism and its connection with China, it is necessary to develop an understanding of China in its pre-Confucius era, in which the philosophy evolved. The most ancient evidence of Chinese religions dates back to the Shang dynasty, around 1500 BCE. In this early society, there is evidence of some of the basic fundamentals of most Chinese religious thought; the pursuit, establishment, maintenance, and enjoyment of harmony in the Earthly world. During the Zhou dynasty (1122-771 BCE), the path initiated by the Shang was sustained and expanded upon. The Zhou quest for harmony and order led to the development of some extremely crucial concepts that would directly effect the development of Confucianism. In this era also, the notion of Tian – best understood as Heaven – first came to light. This later led to the conception of the idea of the Mandate of Heaven (Tian-Ming), from which rulers derived all power and sense of legitimacy, due to the accordance of their behaviours with the norms of morality and ri... Free Essays on Confucianism Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, arose many intellectual thinkers that brought such profound impact in the field of politics, religion and philosophy. Even to the day, their influence can be espied in the many matters of China. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Legalism gained immense recognition as well. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. All three approaches were very distinct but at the same time, they contained certain similarities as well. In my reasoning, I find that Confucianism and Daoism could be paralleled in many ways to find several common grounds. On the other hand, Legalism goes on to take a more unique approach which was much different from the previous two. Kongzi (Confucius, a Latinized name) was born in 551 B.C.E., to a poor family of the lower nobility. Throughout his life, he relentlessly tried to gain an office with a prominent ruler of the time who was willing to adopt his various concepts. Unfortunately, Confucius died in 479 B.C.E., before such a change ever took place. However, he succeeded in winning over a handful of devote followers who continued his legacy and Confucianism later went on to become one of the most influential thought systems of Chinese history. Of his followers, Mencius and Xunzi became the most renown. Since Confucius did not succeed in completing a manual of his views, these followers had to derive their own interpretations of the system which now formulate, the Analects. The Analects portray an idealized gentleman, and his various duties in terms of the society, family and the rituals. Confucius explains about the way (Dao) which he believed, that if the people accepted its terms and were willing to abide, they would succeed in creating a utopian s... Free Essays on Confucianism Confucianism, the philosophical system founded on the teaching of Confucius, who lived from 551 BC to 479 BC, dominated Chinese sociopolitical life for most of the Chinese history and largely influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, and Indochina. The Confucian school functioned as a recruiting ground for government positions, which were filled by those scoring highest on examinations in the Confucian classics. It also blended with popular and important religions and became the vehicle for presenting Chinese values to the peasants. The school's doctrine supported political authority using the theory of the mandate of heaven. It sought to help rulers maintain domestic order, preserve tradition, and maintain a constant standard of living for the tax paying peasants. It trained its followers in generous giving, traditional rituals, family order, loyalty, respect for superiors and for the aged, and principled flexibility in advising rulers. Confucius was China's first and most famous philosopher. He had a traditional personal name (Qiu) and a formal name (Zhoghi). Confucius's father died shortly after Confucius's birth. His family fell into relative poverty, and Confucius joined a growing class of impoverished descendants of aristocrats who made their careers by acquiring knowledge of feudal ritual and taking positions of influence serving the rulers of the many separate states of ancient China. Confucius devoted himself to learning. At the age of 30, however, when his short-lived official career floundered, he turned to teaching others. Confucius himself never wrote down his own philosophy, although tradition credits him with editing some of the historical classics that were used as texts in his school. He apparently made an enormous impact on the lives and attitudes of his disciples. Confucianism combines a political theory and a theory of human nature to yield "dao," a prescriptive doctrine or way. The political theor... Free Essays on Confucianism Confucianism, the philosophical system founded on the teaching of Confucius dominated Chinese sociopolitical life for most of Chinese history and largely influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, and Indochina. The Confucian school functioned as a recruiting ground for government positions, which were filled by those scoring highest on examinations in the Confucian classics. It also blended with popular and imported religions and became the vehicle for articulating Chinese mores to the poor people. The school's doctrines supported political authority using the theory of the mandate of heaven. It sought to help the rulers maintain domestic order, preserve tradition, and maintain a constant standard of living for the taxpaying people. It trained its adherents in benevolence, traditional rituals, filial piety, loyalty, respect for superiors and for the aged, and principled flexibility in advising rulers. Confucius,Westerners use Confucius as the spelling for Kong Fuzi, China's first and most famous philosopher. Confucius had a traditional personal name (Qiu, or Ch'iu) and a formal name (Zhongni, or Chung-ni). Confucius's father died shortly after Confucius's birth. His family fell into relative poverty, and Confucius joined a growing class of impoverished descendants of aristocrats who made their careers by acquiring knowledge of feudal ritual and taking positions of influence serving the rulers of the fragmented states of ancient China. Confucius devoted himself to learning. At age 30, however, when his short-lived official career floundered, he turned to teaching others. Confucius himself never wrote down his own philosophy, although tradition credits him with editing some of the historical classics that were used as texts in his school. He apparently made an enormous impact on the lives and attitudes of his disciples, however. The book known as the Analects, which records all the "Confucius said,"... aphorisms, w...

Tongue Twister - Definition and Examples

Tongue Twister s Tongue twister is an informal term for a word group thats hard to pronounce  properly. A form of verbal play, tongue twisters rely on a sequence of phonemes that are similar but distinct, and therefore difficult to articulate clearly and quickly. Examples and Observations We supply wristwatches for witchwatchers watching witches Washington wishes watched.(James Thurber, Lanterns and Lances. Harper, 1961)Top chopsticks shops stock top chopsticks.Chester chooses chestnuts, cheddar cheese with chewy chives. He chews them and he chooses them. He chooses them and he chews them. . . . those chestnuts, cheddar cheese and chives in cheery, charming chunks.(Singing in the Rain, 1952)Just about everything in this world is easier said than done, with the exception of systematically assisting Sisyphuss stealthy, cyst-susceptible sister, which is easier done than said.(Lemony Snicket, The Hostile Hospital. HarperCollins, 2001)Dr. Seusss Silly StuffTry to say this, Mr. Knox, please. . . .Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew.While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew.Freezy breeze made these three trees freeze.Freezy trees made these trees cheese freeze.Thats what made these three free fleas sneeze.Stop it! Stop it!Thats enough, sir.I cant say such silly stuff, sir.(Dr. Seuss, Fox in Socks. Random House, 1965) Betty BottaBetty Botta bought some butter;But, said she, this butters bitter!If I will put it in my batter,It will make my batter bitter.But a bit o better butterWill but make my batter better.Then she bought a bit o butterBetter than the bitter butter,Made her bitter batter better.So twas better Betty BottaBought a bit o better butter.(Carolyn Wells)The Best Tongue TwisterThe best tongue-twister is not Betty beat a bit of butter to make better batter. No. Nor is it Black bugs blood. Or Rubber buggy bumpers. No. And its not Of all the smells I have ever smelt, I never smelt a smell that smelt like that smell smelt. No, no, no. The best tongue-twister is A peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper, wheres the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? If you can come up with a better tongue-twister than this I will buy you blackberries, buttons, and a box of mixed biscuits.(Dr Sansoms Extreme Facts. The Guardian, November 3, 2007) Pad Kid Poured Curd Pulled ColdForget Peter Piper and his Peck of Pickled Pepperpsychologists have come up with what may be the worlds most frustrating tongue twister.It may not make much sense, but the phrase pad kid poured curd pulled cold completely defeated volunteers taking part in a U.S. speech study.Asked to repeat the phrase 10 times at a fast lick, many of the participants clammed up and stopped talking altogether, according to lead researcher Dr Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel, from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston. . . .The tongue twister study, presented at the annual meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in San Francisco, was conducted to shed light on the brains speech-planning processes.(Can YOU Say Pad Kid Poured Curd Pulled Cold? The Daily Mail [UK], December 4, 2013)At a Minute or Two to TwoWhat a to-do to die today at a minute or two to two.’Tis a thing distinctly hard to say, and harder still to do.For they’ll beat a tattoo at twenty-to-two,A rat-a-tat, tat-a-tat, tat-a-tat, tat-a-tattoo,And the dragon will come when he hears the drum,At a minute or two to two today, at a minute or two to two.(Author unknown) Who Sells Sea Shells by the Seashore?Mary Anning was one of the few women to make a success in paleontology and one of the fewer still whose success was not linked to that of a paleontologist spouse (or any spouse: she was single). She made five major fossil discoveries from 1811 to her death in 1847, and many lesser ones.Why then is she best known as the inspiration for the tongue twister She sells sea shells by the seashore?The answer lies in her gender, her poverty, her lack of formal education, her regional accentas it might even today.(Katherine Bouton, Tale of an Unsung Fossil Finder, in Fact and Fiction. The New York Times, February 1, 2010)Writing RiteA right-handed fellow named Wright,In writing write always wrote riteWhere he meant to write right.If hed written write rightWright would not have wrought rot writing rite.(anonymous)Assimilation[W]e have seen how one sound assimilates to another. As we pronounce words, our tongue moves toward one point in the mouth, but our ner vous system has already prepared itself to fire off another impulse for the next sound. In some cases, the impulses pile up and jumble the articulation, as when we try to repeat a tongue twister like rubber baby buggy bumpers or she sells sea shells by the sea shore.(Joseph M. Williams, Origins of the English Language: A Social and Linguistic History. Simon and Schuster, 1975)