An Analysis of Homer Hickam’s “Rocket Boys” Essay

Each of us has our own dreams. Most of the time, we start building our dreams while we are still in childhood. However, most of us realize what we want to be and to do the moment we become a teenager. Clearly, adolescence is one, or perhaps, the most crucial period of our lives. This is our turning point from being a child going to an adult. From this period, we start to shape our future, our fate. From this period, we begin to draw the lines of our palms and our destiny. It is during the same period when retired NASA engineer Homer Hickam fully realized what he wanted to be. His adventures were all written in a memoir that he wrote and entitled â€Å"Rocket Boys†. Set during the middle of the twentieth century, â€Å"Rocket Boys† tells the story of a group of teenager boys in West Virginia who followed their dream of becoming an established creator of rockets. Hickam used his own point-of-view in retelling the tales from his town. In this book, the author tried to narrate how he draws his destiny by following his ultimate dream. The book is very heart-warming and inspiring, and yet not too dramatic. The events, which the author described, were humorous themselves. The book, moreover, offers a lot of realizations and lessons in life. Because of this, â€Å"Rocket Boys† received a lot of appraisal since the time of its publication in 1998. In fact, the book has already been adapted into a movie entitled â€Å"October Sky† the year after its publication. How do the elements of the story, particularly the characters, help in the appraisal of Hickam’s â€Å"Rocket Boys†? One of the most powerful aspects of the novel is the portrayal of the characters. Although historical ones, the characters in â€Å"Rocket Boys† seem to be fictionally created. There are certain parts of the story wherein the characters seem to act and behave as if they were characters from a dramatic TV series. The portrayal of the main character, for example, is perfectly executed that one would think that Homer is a fictional character living at the turn of fictional events. With this, Sonny’s actions seem to be believable. At the onset of the story, the readers would really get hooked by the author’s first sentence: â€Å"Until I began to build and launch rockets, I didn’t know my hometown was at war with itself over its children and that my parents were locked in a kind of bloodless combat over how my brother and I would live our lives. † (Hickam, p. 1). Clearly, this line would give the readers an impact of how Sonny’s life looks like. What he said was true, thus making the first line believable already, which the readers could relate with. Sonny’s diverse friends also add flavor to the story and to Sonny’s life, as well. As we could remember, Sonny’s adolescence was very colorful. It has its bright mode. For example, he experienced most of his happy memories with his friends. One of the most memorable scenes of the boys in the story is their act of chasing rockets using their old car. It only means that as teenagers, they were focused in chasing their dream. In addition, chasing rockets while chasing the two beauties of Coalwood makes the scene a bit light. In addition, Sonny’s family plays a vital role in his life. Sonny’s father could be said as a responsible man. However, he could be also categorized as strict and realistic. Thus, these traits were also shown with his relationship with his family. Sonny, for example, could not go to college because he lacks scholarship. Unlike his older brother, Sonny has no blood for sports. Instead of encouraging his son to look for other ways in entering a college, Mr. Hickam never did. He was even not in favor with Sonny’s dream of building rockets, an opposite stand that Sonny’s mother takes. Sonny’s attitude, as well as his friends, could symbolize modernity while those of his father could mean conservatism. It was nice that Sonny did not have to balance the two. He just simply yielded to what he thinks is most suited for him. Because of that, the story became more believable. His actions became consistent since he is focused in one thing—chasing rockets and chasing his dream—a very beautiful story told through the voice of a certified Rocket Boy.

Human Resources Performance Essay

1. What factors should Perkins and Balkin consider when setting the wage for the purchasing agent position? What resources are available for them to consult when establishing this wage? †¨ Katie Perkins opened her own sports store. The company grew quickly and she hired 16 employees to manage different areas of the store. After a while Perkins decide to open a new position for a purchasing agent. When setting the wage for the purchasing agent position Perkins and Balkin must consider their internal and external factors. Internal factors include compensation strategy of the organization, worth of the job, employee’s relative worth and employer’s ability to pay. A company’s compensation strategy is how they plan to compensate their employees in general terms. The worth of a job is just what it says, what that position is worth to the company in the revenue or cost savings it generates. External factors include conditions of the labor market, area pay rates, co st of living, collective bargaining and legal requirements. The labor market reflects how much supply and demand there is within the industry for a particular position. 2. Suggest advantages and disadvantages of a pay-for-performance policy for Perfor- mance Sports. †¨ The advantages of a pay for performance policy is typically that productivity is increased while overall employee compensation costs are decreased because it doesn’t pay poor performers well. The disadvantages are measuring employee performance isn’t always easy. There will always occur some discrepancies in the performance level measured by the employer and actual performance level obtained by the employee which leads to dissatisfaction and decrease in motivation of the employee. 3. Suggest a new payment plan for the customer service representatives.

OSHA and EPA Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OSHA and EPA - Coursework Example OSHA was primarily formed to ensure optimal and safe working conditions for the employees through the set-up of standards that provide the necessary training, outreach, education, and assistance. It was also tasked with the enforcement of whistleblower statutes and regulations (Rodrigues and Cusick, 2012). EPA, on the other hand, conducts routine environmental assessments and enforces national standards under different environmental laws. The organization also has powers to fine or sanction institutions whose operations contravene the set environmental statutes. OSHA’s standards apply in the aviation industry with regards to the safety standards. For example, when working on a flight line, the employee is to be provided with protective gear such as safety glasses, steel toe boots, hearing protection equipment and so forth. These requirements are in accordance with the OSHA standards. In addition, OSHA requires that the employees who work in high noise environment be subjected to periodic hearing examinations (Rodrigues and Cusick, 2012). The organization also outlines guidelines to be followed in the identification of methods for handling hazardous chemicals such as hydraulic fluids, jet fuel, battery maintenance and so forth. This standard demands that all employees tasked with maintaining these dangerous chemicals must undergo appropriate training. Moreover, a material safety data sheet that lists all the chemicals on site, their composition, and the precautions to be adhered to should be made available. The Environmental Protection Agency is primarily tasked with the regulating the disposal of hazardous chemicals in the environment. The organizations Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) has a direct impact on the aviation industry. The RCRA act requires the airlines to take up the responsibility for the management, control and disposal of the toxic substances related to the industry (Rule, 2011).These materials include

Captain History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Captain History - Essay Example For instance, the Romantic exaltation induced the concept of ‘identity’ among the Europeans while enabling them to distinguish themselves on the basis of religion, culture, language and traditions. Hence the country’s interests were put below the national interest primarily guarded by a particular group residing in the society (Nationalism). This was a very significant event in the prehistoric era as it is now considered the major cause of World War I. Moreover, before the inducement of nationalism the governments were made and sustained on the basis of sovereignty of God, imperial domination or in relation to a specific dynasty. These governments were more successful in terms of prevailing justice among their people. However, once the European population became aware of the nationalism and stated practicing it, thereafter the liberalism took over them. Liberalism removed the domination of religions from government formations and law enforcement agencies while ext ending the maximum authority to the ‘people’ or general citizens (Nationalism). This underlying concept of liberalism is now practiced in the form of democracy. Today historians believe that if nationalism was not introduced in the early nineteenth century then there were significant chances that the world’s most devastating wars had never erupted. Hence being Captain History I picked up this event to make the world a better place to live today. On my way back to the nineteenth century I will closely analyze the nationalism and thereafter I will identify its precipitating factors. For instance, people in the late eighteenth century were facing immense societal problems and injustice which actually encouraged them to accept nationalism so that every individual could safeguard its rights while practicing power over the disadvantaged groups of the society. Consequently I will establish a global organization in the early nineteenth century in order to protect the rig hts of people while giving equivalent opportunities to every country. The organization will be made on the outline of United Nations Organization with a chief General Secretary who will evaluate and analyze the problems of different nations residing in the same country. Thereafter the secretary would require spreading global peace while removing the concept of nationalism. People in the early nineteenth century were significantly backwards in terms of technological advancements and communication systems. Therefore, it would be highly challenging for me to initiate such a global organization. Hence I would carry some of the most reliable and appropriate technological equipment to the historic period. This would not only help me in establishing a global peace organization but it will also assist the scientists of that period. Eventually the foundation of nationalism shall be removed from the history whereas people in the contemporary world would experience more advanced technology. Ex clusion of nationalism from the nineteenth century will actually guarantee a better future because historic records reveal that nationalism was followed by alliance politics. Mutual defense alliance is the most obvious example which was formed due to the similar nationalism approach among the European countries. As per the agreement between different countries such as Russia and Serbia, Austria and Germany, France and Russia, Britain and Japan,

Advances in hydrogen cell technology for automobiles Essay

Advances in hydrogen cell technology for automobiles - Essay Example Since 2003, Honda has been operating a 'Home Energy Station' on an experimental basis in Torrance, California. This station is works on alternative fuel technology while carrying out all the activities necessary for the home. Here hydrogen is generated from natural gas and heat and electricity requirements for the home are fulfilled using fuel cell cogeneration. Even a car in the home is powered by hydrogen cell. Such efforts have indeed shown results as well. The Carbon Dioxide emissions from such a house are stated to be 30 percent less than those for an average household that uses a gasoline and commercial electricity1. If such efforts can be matched by other fuel efficient technologies, our environment would become much more pure and the looming threat of catastrophe in the form of global warming will surely subside.The amount of carbon dioxide that melts into the atmosphere as a result of our routine actions creates footprint of carbon. In fact at times, we unknowingly tend to p erform some actions which lead to an increase in our carbon footprints on the environment, which proves detrimental for our own survival. Inefficient use of energy, inefficient housing stock, using carbon emitting fuels in our cars, rampant industrial activities etc. are the key factors being blamed for an increase in carbon footprints. The society seems to have become wiser in many ways has now started widely discussing 'how carbon footprints can be effectively reduced by adopting an energy efficient lifestyle. Hydrogen cell technology, an upgrade on hybrid electric motor, is a promising technology which will provide pollution free travel for us in near future. Efforts are on for such technology for quite some time now. The then US President George Bush had announced in 2003, an ambitious $1.7bn investment plan to turn US into a world leader for hydrogen powered automobiles (Twist, 2004). In fact the ongoing recessionary trends around the globe have impacted the automobile sector q uite adversely and in UK there are demands from many quarters to provide stimulus for its sustenance. This seems to have provided a reason to the UK government to think about greener technologies. Therefore while announcing a 2.3 billion rescue package for Britain's carmakers on January 28th Lord Mandelson commented that this is being done to pave the way for greener motor industry (Webster and Buckley, 2009). After the increasing concerns of carbon footprint, the automobile industry has experimented with a number of alternatives fuel technologies like electric vehicle, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) etc. and these technologies have certainly helped in reducing carbon from the vehicle emissions, but the hydrogen powered vehicle produces very low or zero tail-pipe emissions (May, 2004). With governments and international bodies calling upon all concerned for reducing the carbon content, the vehicle manufactures have certainly taken a note. EU for example has proposed a target of 5.75 percent of transport fuel consumption for bio-fuels by 2010 (May, 2004, pp305). The technique involves extracting hydrogen from water or any other source. In a running vehicle the solar cells provide electric current for separating hydrogen from the stored water which is then used for producing torque for running the motor. For a vehicle, the Tandem Cell technology uses two photo-catalytic cells in series which are coated with a nano-crystalline - extremely thin - metal oxide film. These cells capture full spectrum of UV radiation from sun. The novel coating then captures the electrons and passes on to conductors as electric current. Though, Hydrogen power can also be produced from hydrocarbons, like oil and gas, or coal but in that case the byproducts or the waste also becomes a source of pollution, so this method is not used

Stella Dallas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Stella Dallas - Essay Example This urgency is emphasized in educating individuals to speak in one’s own voice, without falling into narcissistic self-containment. It is a form of educating people to turn their voice of the â€Å"I† outward, towards a becoming-community that is hospitable to strangers, and allows space for the inaudible and marginal voice to be acknowledged. This advocacy is a form of educating individuals without narratives of self-serving recognition. In the making of â€Å"the great man,† that is to say, a figure able to sustain independence even when surrounded by many others, is the main thesis of Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance.† While this is a heartening call to trust in ourselves, an immediate, popular reaction can be expected: Is this not too egocentric a notion of the self to be defensible today? In response to prevalent criticisms of the Emersonian self on the grounds of its excessive emphasis on the personal side of individualism, Buell argues that the personal in Emerson is underwritten by impersonality and depersonalization. An implication of Buell’s view is that the underlying drive in Emerson’s account of the self is negative, that is, it is an avoidance of the personal. However, is this the only way of responding to Emerson’s call for people to become self-reliant? In responding to this urgency, the negative approach of reading Emerson does not seem adequate. The task for the philosophy of education is to offer a critical framework for rethinking the structure of language and the self in order to bridge the personal and the public. The purpose of this essay is to explore an alternative possibility for reading this contested passage of Emerson, a reading that takes issue with the limited frames of both the prevailing criticism of the independent figure and the defense. This essay suggests one possibility of such a discourse for education through a reinterpretation of Emerson that centers on the theme of t he education of the self-reliant person, from the inmost to the outmost. A main figure through which we could view what is truly at stake here is Stanley Cavell’s idea of â€Å"Emersonian moral perfectionism.† In his anti-foundationalist approach to perfectionism, Cavell destabilizes the way we conventionally conceive of the self. He envisions a potential path from the private to the public, showing the aesthetic and the existential to be preconditions for our political becoming. In other words, Cavell’s picture of the Emersonian self destabilizes any notion of the â€Å"real me.† Herein, the self is construed not as something negative but rather, as affirmative. Particularly, the genre he identifies as the Hollywood melodrama of the unknown woman — exemplified by the film Stella Dallas — is examined as a â€Å"perfectionist narrative,† with â€Å"prophetic language† being highlighted as one of its key features. Given this mode of analysis, it helps destabilize perceptions of the self and of the self’s relation to language, and will show why the apparently paradoxical concept of anti-foundationalist perfectionism is necessary in the passage from the inmost to the outmost. In conclusion, I shall claim that Cavell’s ideas can serve as a critical corrective to the popular discourse in narrative education and political education: its alternative vision of education can awaken the individual to find his or her own voice. Cavell’

The main causes of slavery and solution to the problem of slavery Essay

The main causes of slavery and solution to the problem of slavery - Essay Example The present research has identified that before Abraham Lincoln’s election into office, United States was a haven of peace and stability. There was no race, ethnicity or any form of social diversification. All people were equal, and no region north or south was superior to the other. Concealment by the governing departments offered an incredibly fertile environment for the growth of slavery. Heads of government, including the secretary of state who should be on the frontage of protecting all persons, concealed all information regarding the growth of slavery and civil wars in the country. The information was censured to meet a predetermined objective which was to cover up for slavery and the lords of the civil wars. The irony of these problems is that everyone knew about the problem apart from the heads of governments. This is a clear indication that the head of government had undisclosed interest. The civil wars and the rebellions that have been witnessed between the northern and the southern people are politically motivated. This is because of the disunity that has been created between the northern and the southern. The southern politicians are disappointed by the northern abolitionist since they feel that they are not handling slavery and civil wars in the right manner. The politicians are inciting their subjects by providing for them ammunition. The politicians have continued taking most of the positions and resources to be their own sources of wealth. The common citizens are the victims of wars and slavery while the politicians are the beneficiaries in both the southern and the northern regions. Most of the powers of the country were accorded to few individuals. The individuals decided how, who, when, and why things are done. Their decisions are final and irrevocable even at the courts of law.

Mysticism in East Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Mysticism in East Asia - Essay Example The powers of the western world that colonized the eastern countries admired the purity of the faith. The achievement of modernity was an important factor in the nineteenth and twentieth century and Buddhism was a great contributor towards the reaching of this early status of modernity in Japan. Buddhism is considered to be one of the very old religion but its roots mainly lay in the eastern world and particularly in the countries of China and Japan. This religion promotes peace and harmony but it also plays a role towards the development of success and self importance. The interest of the western world in Buddhism achieved a great rise in the nineteenth and twentieth century, particularly after the success of Japan in achieving the status of a modern nation. This is because it was a belief that the major contributor in assisting Japan towards this accomplishment was in the following of Buddhism. Dogen was an important figure in the history of Buddhism. He was the main teacher in the creation of Zen Buddhism in the early thirteenth century. Dogen laid great stress upon sitting and meditating. He believed that a person should be in a state of â€Å"non thinking.’ According to him this time which a person spent was very important because it assisted in the bringing together of the soul and the body of a human being. He would then be able to achieve a spiritual level that is the level which is required by a Buddha. These presentations of his beliefs clearly show his tilt towards mysticism and the recognition of the inner world. He believed that the greater the person would know about hi inner self the more he would be successful in the outer world as well. Zen is a part of the teachings of Dogen. There are views regarding this belief. It is considered first to play a great role toward the achievement of success as it pushes a person towards modernity because when he has knowledge of the inner

Cultural Reflection Paper. African American culture Term Paper

Cultural Reflection . African American culture - Term Paper Example He believes that the biasness of the people around him is uncalled for as he has to face quite a lot of problems at the hands of the other American citizens. Socio-economically speaking, the Black American is not having a good time at having links with the people who live within the country. He is usually stereotyped for all the wrong reasons (Day, 1998). He is often seen as someone who might be involved in a crime that happens within the country. It does not matter if this Black American is a male or a female. The fact that he is Black American would lead to a typecast of sorts and thus disrupt his behavior within the American society (Carson, 2010). The Black American is therefore being distinguished and differentiated on a number of facets like language, religion, occupation, gender and just about any other factor. His cultural ramifications are such that he is unable to come to terms with the other Americans for obvious reasons.

The Inhabited Woman Essay Example for Free

The Inhabited Woman Essay La Mujer Habitada (The Inhabited Woman), a semi-autobiographical novel of Gioconda Belli. The novel, which was published in 1998 foster much attention. The novel dealt with the Sandinistas struggle for liberation as well as her native Nicaraguan feminist effort to be recognized and achieved equal rights in a patriarchal society (Salgado 235). â€Å"The Inhabited Woman grabs us from two unexpected directions: its consciousness of the centrality of woman in struggle, and its retrieval of the cycles of birth and rebirth which are such an important part of indigenous cosmology (Randall 6). † The novel also dealt with gender issue in Nicaraguan revolutionary narratives. To Timothy Richards, this is a narrative of female struggle in society, through a progressively more comprehensive involvement in her society, [the protagonist] learns to distinguish the true from the false in her and the world around her (Belli 209). Lavinia, who is an upper class woman, also carries out her own feminist struggle by refusing to get married. She chooses her independency over her lover. Lavinia, believed that marriage, would mean placing limitations to one’s self—unless, the right man would came along (Belli 22). She begun to accept and embraces the principles of the movement. Her being an oligarch is quite apparent in her conversation with her childhood friends Sara and her husband Andrian as well as her parents. The main character of the story, also wanted to proved her worth as a person – her struggle to proved her knowledge will be eventually unravel in the story – she as an architect strive to prove her self worth and received a lot of merits.   In the field where men always dominate – Lavinia proved them wrong. She, despite the adversities in life in the long run succeeded in the field where men dominate, which implicates the gender and/or feminist struggle of the novel. Similar with Lavinia, Gioconda also proved their worth as a person – her choice to be involve in the movement is in itself a worth proving decision. Leaving the life of luxury and offering life in the service of the people is a tough and firm decision to make. Putting your life to danger in exchange of serving the oppressed and underprivileged people. The rampant oppressions, which she herself is an eye-witness, inflame the nationalistic spirit in her. As the novel continues, the parallelism between the main character, Lavinia and the writer herself is being introduced gradually. Both were raised in an upper class family, had a good educational background and were raised in a society suffering from political and economic turmoil. Both were also living a life of luxury and extravagance. But both women, decided not to be indifferent about the current political situation of the country. They both were determined to struggle the rights of the underprivileged, less fortunate and oppressed majority. Belli, met someone from the movement whom she got intimately involved while Lavinia met Adrian her husband before she met Felipe, whom introduced her to the ideology of the movement. Lavinia and Belli were involved in the movement at time when both were still at a young age. Their young age did not get into the way of their involvement in the movement. In fact, during those times they were envisioning their society to be more kind among its people. Their realization to this inspires them to get into a more cause oriented and more meaningful engagement in society. The formal years were quite a struggle for both, since they were raised in a well to do family. But as the novel continues Lavinia found herself to being involved in the revolutionary movement while on the part of Belli, she recognizes that these oppressions must end. In order to end the suffering and oppression of the people, one has to get involved and make a difference. In substantiating the above claim, Belli and Lavinia, the main character of the novel, were raised in a conservative and protective family. Belli, decided to join the Sandinista movement because of her belief that oppression and suffering under the Somoza regime must come to and end. She became deeply involved in the movement and later on played a significant role. Belli became the courier of the movement during the height of the oppression. And because of her deep involvement in the Sandinista movement, she exiled in Mexico in 1975. In 1979, the overthrow the Somoza regime, Belli continued her involvement in the movement and she took several important posts. In 1982, she became the FSLN (Frente Sandinista de la Liberacià ³n Nacional) liaison officer. Then in 1984, she became the director of State Communications and was responsible in organizing major literacy programs and projects. Just like the novel, during the 1970, Managua is experiencing a political and social turmoil. The Inhabited Woman is based on an episode of Nicaraguan experience, where oppression and injustices are rampant. This is where the novel took off its narrative. All the events if not all that was reflected in the novel were all inspired in the current political and society’s situation (March 53). As for Lavinia, her lover Felipe, became instrumental to her involvement in the revolutionary movement. The movement intends to overthrow the current military dictatorship governing the whole country.   Notice that both Lavinia and Gioconda were influenced by their lovers to be involved in their respective revolutionary struggle. Both struggled wanting achieve national liberation and recognizing equal rights of the people (March 83). Gioconda was recruited in the revolution by the Camilo Ortega, but the one who really inspired was the one whom she called ‘the poet.’ Belli felt that she could transform her life and empower herself as a citizen and as a person, this realization allowed her to break from her marriage. A marriage where she was quite unhappy. It was a combination of things that led her to defy convention and have that affair with the ‘Poet’ (Salgado 237). It was also the time of the sexual liberation. People were talking about open marriages. It was all those things combined. She emphasized that her my political stance was never determined by the men she was with. Belli had her own ideas and convictions. She exemplifies her admiration with the ‘Poet’ because Belli believed that he opened doors for her not only in terms of getting to know the Nicaraguan history better as well as everything that was going on in Latin American literature. The ‘poet’ had imprinted a great influenced to her, as an individual and a writer. Take note that, Felipe had also been influential to Lavinia’s social awareness – their frequent conversation which led to her deep involvement in the revolution is exemplifies in this manner. Under the protection of the tree, the young protagonist and Felipe discuss the revolution and the role of women in it. And, it is during these discussions that Lavinias social consciousness is awakened (March 235). In the novel, Lavinia, the main character often goes to a secluded part where her grandfather stays. She returns to her home when she needed time to think and to get away from the crowded and strident sound which the city brings. Like Gioconda, she often remembered her country where she was raised by her family – where she was educated and she became socially conscious about the current situation of her country. She oftentimes, felt that longingness and going back to where she really belonged. Noticed the following narration of the writer: It was a clear day. The landscape disrobed at her feet, devoid of fog. The tiny houses, the lake, the row of blue volcanoes, were spread out in the distance, silent, motionless, majestic. Up closer, the vegetation in the mountains unfolded in green toward the valley where the city lay. Twisted tree trunks hung dangerously over the edge. [ J This landscape was hers, her idea of homeland; this is what she dreamed of when she found herself on the other side of the ocean. This landscape made the most outlandish dreams of the Movement understandable. This land sang to her flesh and blood, to her sense of being a woman in love, rebelling against opulence and misery. [] This land deserved a better fate. (Belli 348-49) The narration above depicts the idealized and post-revolutionary Faguas which was Lavinia is fighting for – where wealth and misery is not a problem anymore. Belli, dreamt of it in her life. In fact he fought for it, she envision a country with no repressive army, freedom and democratic responsibilities. During the height of the dictatorship, Belli handled few accounts that had to do with businesses with Somoza regime. And because of that she was able to extract documents, which later on she provided to the Sandinista movement. The character of Lavinia in the novel also worked with the ruling regime. Thus, substantiate the parallelism between the two, Belli and Lavinia. As much as Lavinia hated the military leaders she had no choice but to work with them. She had to meet and had conversations with people from the government, whom actually she despised. Belli, on the other hand had also experience that of Lavinia’s sentiments in the novel. Belli, actually had to go to different embassies and talk to people whom she don’t like that much. As far as their revolutionary experience is concerned, both women continued to contribute to the success of the movement. Belli, played an important role in the Sandinistas Movement same as Lavinia when she become involved in the revolutionary movement. She dedicated her life in the struggle to eradicate oppression and injustices. And she even forsakes her life to realize that goal. Lavinia during the height of her consciousness held various educational discussions among several groups to raise their consciousness. Also the discussion between Itza and the main character Lavinia reveals this claim. Belli, on the other also organized group discussions among citizens of Nicaragua to rouse their consciousness as to what is happening in their society. And to encourage them to stand for their rights and liberate themselves from the oppressive ruler of their country.

Extensible Business Reporting Language in India

Extensible Business Reporting Language in India Introduction XBRL XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) reporting is gaining momentum as a medium of digital financial reporting (Ogundejiet.al, 2014). It is a meta-language, based on XML and used as electronic communication of business information. The primary purpose of XBRL is to facilitate the preparation, publishing, exchange, and analysis of financial statements. In fact, using the framework of XBRL it is possible to facilitate numerous types of reports that can efficiently be parsed by computers (Vasarhelyi and Alles, 2008) and software applications available for the analysis of such information (Silveira et al., 2007). XBRL can be considered as innovation as it is becoming an internet business standardization language (Willis, 2007). A XBRL report does not only contain business and financial reporting information but it also includes attributes that describe that information. It doesn’t change the financial reporting standards but change the way in which business and financial i nformation is reported. Typically, an XBRL report consists of an XBRL instance document containing the financial facts and taxonomies that provide the information about how facts are interrelated in the financial statement. Taxonomy works as a electronic dictionary for business and financial terms within the business realm. Instance documents are business reports that are physically connected to taxonomies. It contains both numerical and non-numerical data and information about the data. XBRL in India The XBRL wave started in India in late 2007 when the Institute of Chartered Accounts of India (ICAI) initiated the idea digital business reporting using XBRL with different regulators in India. XBRL implementation can achieve immediate benefits for Indian companies in terms of a more efficient means to file incorporation documents online and a simplified mode of filing of returns and forms. The benefits to Indian capital market include easy access to public information for users at anytime and from anywhere, which may increase information transparency. With increased coverage, it is hoped that the XBRL data thus collected would significantly enhance the Government capability in policy formulation and regulators, corporates as well as public and investors at large. Major regulators involved in the adoption of XBRL in India are Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Insurance Regulatory and Development Authori ty (IRDA). From 31st March, 2011, Ministry of Corporate Affairs mandated XBRL reporting (in phases) for companies, who would adopt the Commercial and Industrial Taxonomy developed by ICAI. In the first year (phase 1), the focus was on a certain class of companies who are listed in India, with paid up capital of Rs. 5 crore and turnover of Rs. 100 crores, would have to file their Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss in XBRL format from the FY 2010-11 onwards. The subsequent years witnessed a significant change in the regulatory reporting format and a new schedule VI for improvement in disclosure system for financial statements was enforced by the Companies Act 2013. The taxonomy architecture also underwent considerable change. Companies are also required to file their cost audit report and compliance report in XBRL format. Filers have the option to create their own XBRL documents in house or to convert their financial statements into XBRL format through outsourcing. Regardless of which approach, the first step is to tag each financial element to the published XBRL taxonomy so that accounting information can be converted into XBRL format. Once XBRL instance documents are created, filers need to validate the instance document before filing on MCA portal. Off-line process validates XBRL instance documents for business rules using the MCA off-line tool. Second, for online validation (Pre-scrutiny) the instance documents are uploaded and validated from the MCA21 system (MCA 2012). The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has adopted the XBRL taxonomy for Commercial Industrial (CI) Companies. Regulators like RBI has implemented the XBRL based regulatory filings for banks using Internet and Indian Financial Network. SEBI and IRDA are in the process of implementing XBRL. But the adoption is not uniform across various sectors of businesses in India. As every organization faces some teething problems when adopting a new technology, the same holds true for XBRL. Firstly, XBRL has a steep learning curve to begin with. Therefore, there’s a big challenge for the company to bring together a workforce skilled for using this new technology. It requires training efforts and change management initiatives on the company’s part to prepare employees for such advancements. Organizations should also be careful about the probable effects of the technology adoption procedure on existing processes and people; and take necessary steps to minimize any adverse behavioral impact. Research Objective Therefore adoption of XBRL becomes a relevant research area of interest among academics and practitioners (Pinsker,2008; Muller,2013). Researches around the world are carried from various disciplines on XBRL. Further, majority of academic XBRL research has focused on the US market (Srivastava and Liu, 2012) and, therefore, there is a need to see how non-US countries have implemented XBRL. Further, little research is cited regarding end-user attitude towards XBRL adoption (Muller, 2013). Being a behavioral study, the present research has applied a technology acceptance model (TAM) to identify the predictors for attitude formation required for successful adoption of XBRL. Based on Baldwin (2006) study we classified the stakeholders for the system in four groups. The ‘Standardizer’ creates taxonomies, accounting standard, Legislator and regulator. ‘Providers’ are the companies, divisions that provide platform for creating reports. ‘Intermediaries’ are auditors, financial aggregators. ‘Addresses’ are Investors, regulators, managers. The present work attempts to analyze the acceptance of XBRL technology by ‘Intermediaries’ including auditors and company financial professionals responsible for preparation of XBRL report in Indian companies. Thus, the study has implications for auditors, as well as for firms who operate in India and in countries whose XBRL implementation reporting in mandatory. Literature Review XBRL As pointed by many researchers, XBRL is used as most advanced and rigorous standards taxonomy developed to help for a better assurance of future digital financial reports (Cohen, 2009; Lymer and Debreceny, 2003; Boritz and Wo, 2008; Plumlee and Plumlee, 2008; Shrivastava and Kogan, 2009; and Gonzalbez and Rodriguez, 2012). XBRL adoption allows organisations to report quickly (Cohenet al., 2005), and standardised data to be accessed at a lower cost with greater transparency and cheaply. With the adoption of XBRL, financial information can be optimized for creation, discovery, consumption, and reuse, and XBRL also enables supply of information for business reporting to communicate among players more efficiently (Vasal and Srivastava, 2009; Debreceny et al., 2005). Additional XBRL benefits include cost savings because of increased data processing capability, decreased data duplication and decreased cost of bookkeeping (Pinsker and Li, 2008; Yoon,2011). Alles and Piechocki (2009) develop a framework for understanding how tagged data can be used to change the way in which decisions affecting governance are made. Roohani (2007) argues that XBRL would facilitate corporate governance and provide transparency to employees, investors and creditors, and regulators. Alles and Piechocki (2009) commented that XBRL will improve corporate governance. Premuroso and Bhattacharya (2008) confirm that early and voluntary filers of financial information in XBRL format demonstrate superior corporate governance and operating performance relative to their non-adopting peers. But Doolin and Troshani (2007) believed that benefits of XBRL are not expected to be immediate but will accumulate over time. Tornatzky and Klein (1982) and Rogers (2003) suggest that the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and the ability to trial and observe a technology like XBRL, all play a significant role in the adoption decision. Potential adopters typically evaluate the relative advantage and benefits of new technology against the perceived costs (Doolin and Troshani, 2007; Oliver and Whymark, 2005; Premkumar et al., 1994). Adopters will weigh the initial and ongoing cost of adopting the technology (Rogers, 2003) against potential benefits such as a reduction in compliance costs and increased competitive advantage (Oliver and Whymark, 2005). The greater the perceived positive relative advantage, the more likely an organisation will adopt the technology. Chartered Accountants will be primarily responsible for the implementation of XBRL in an organization (Gauri, 2014). Current study examines the factors that influence individual decision to adopt XBRL using Davis (1989) Technology Acceptan ce Model (TAM). Technology Acceptance Due to complexity and context-sensitiveness, technology adoption required various models and which has speculated in the past two decades to specify the factors influencing organizations technology adoption (Wolfe, 1994; Jeyaraj et al., 2006; Doolin and Troshani, 2007). These include the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), TAM2 (Venkatesh et al., 2003), theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), innovation diffusion theory (Rogers, 2003), and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (Venkatesh et al., 2003). Among all, TAM is the most popular model build upon a well known theory of IS (Information System) research. The literature of IT adoption relates to various Personal factors (Davis, 1989; Troshani and Doolin, 2005; Venkatesh, and Davis, 2000), Technological factors, Environmental factors and organisational factors (Troshani and Doolin, 2005). Personal factors include dimensions of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) like perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, attitude towards technology, which were proven to be more successful in measuring the impact on technology adoption. Technological factors including relative advantage (Zaltman et al. 1973), complexity (Rogers, 1983), compatibility (Kwon and Zmud, 1987), observability (Rogers, 1983), and trial ability (Venkatesh, and Davis,2000). Technology complexity includes the current knowledge and skills of the employees in the organization (Doolin and Troshani, 2007). Davidson el al. (2006) and Rogers (2003) revealed that lack of knowledge and skills hinders the adoption of XBRL by organisation accountants. Environmental factors include e xternal pressure (Iacovou et al., 1995) and competition (Grover, 1993), Innovation Adoption (Tornatzky and Klein,1982; Rogers, 1983). Organisational factors include top management support (Rai and Howard, 1994; Thong and Yap, 1995), organisation structure (Lai and Guynes, 1994), centralisation and formalisation (Zmud, 1982; Grover and Goslar, 1993), organisation size (Grover and Teng, 1992). But with present research scope, we only examined the impact of determinants defined in Technology Acceptance Model (Davis,1989). Research Model TAM is an adaptation of theory of reasoned action by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) and was mainly designed for modeling user acceptance of information technology in the workplace (Davis, 1989; Davis et al., 1989). The positive relationship between behavioral intentions and actions is extensively described by the theory of reasoned action (Azen,1980) and the theory of planned behavior (Azen, 1991). The TAM model assumes that system use is directly determined by behavioral intention to use the system which is in turn influenced by users’ attitudes toward using the system and the perceived usefulness of the system. This model displays a high level prediction power of technology use (Goswami, 2014). The present research uses the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model proposed by Davis (1989) to understand the acceptance in respect of perceived usefulness and ease of use dimensions. Both are most closely related to the characteristics of the XBRL system. Perceived usefulness (PU) the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance (Davidson et.al, 2006). Perceived ease of use (PEOU) is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. Research Methodology The research methodology of this study is divided in following points: Source of data-The source of data collection is primary data which is collected from the professionals working in various companies and responsible for creation of XBRL reports. Sample size-as per the difficulty of finding the qualified respondents who were responsible for the XBRL based financial reporting;the sample 20professionals of Rajasthan state were selected randomly. Each author has contributed 5 the filled questionnaire and the data were collected from 12 companies as a representative sample. Sampling technique-The sampling technique used is convenient sampling. Hypothesis- as per the nature of the research two hypotheses were developed and shown under the head of data analysis. Analysing Tool: Multivariate Regression Analysis were used to analyse the data and to identify that which independent variable results change in dependent variable. Conclusion The present research begins with a clarification that global adoption of XBRL will have a large impact on financial and corporate reporting process. Indian companies can also be benefited with this technology innovation along with its inherent operational advantages. TAM has proven to be a useful acceptance model in helping to understand and explain the user behavior in XBRL implementation. The study examined the effect of perceived usefulness and ease of use on attitude of Indian financial professionals towards XBRL reporting. Change management is also a crucial step to be taken before implementing a technology like this. Employees are quite reluctant for changes in processes. This makes it imperative for companies to conduct change management which helps employees embrace the change openly. Staying up to date with current taxonomies is also essential. The implementation roadmap must be charted out with detailed planning for the technology’s adoption to be a success. It is critical to ascertain the most suitable method for your organization to implement it. Your decision to go for bolt-on, or outsource or built-in approach must be carefully thought of and minutely planned keeping in mind the organization needs. Future Research It is worth noting that whereas XBRL has exhibited capabilities to produce the digitized version financial statements, it is still unable to capture information displayed through various other sections of the financial statements and the annual reports. Particularly, the information displayed through the notes to accounts and, management discussion and analysis sections of the annual reports. This is indeed a challenging area for future research. All aspects concerning the improvement of efficiency by applying XBRL like time savings, reduced effort, and improved communication are mentioned frequently in literature but hardly any research activities could be recognized. Future researched should focus on the evaluation of productivity of financial reporting. Other potential area of research is system flexibility, which measure the cross-system compatibility and system independent processing of XBRL business and financial information. The impact of demographic factors upon the XBRL adop tion among consumers must be examined. Based on our discussions and literature review, we suggest that research focus might also be on the economic impact of XBRL. This may help to present a clear business case to the stakeholders which should contribute to the comprehensive adoption of XBRL.

Using Problem-Solving Approaches in Vocational Education :: Learning Education Educational Essays

Using Problem-Solving Approaches in Vocational Education Problem Solving for Teaching and Learning Agricultural education has emphasized problem solving as a means of helping students to develop decision-making skills and teachers to alter their teaching methodology. The traditional method of problem solving for decision making reflects Dewey’s five-step model for learning, expanded to six steps by Newcomb, McCracken, and Warmbrod (Straquadine and Egelund 1992): (1) identification of the problem situation: What is happening?; (2) definition of the problem: What must be done?; (3) search for information: What do we need to know?; (4) analysis of data: What are the important considerations?; (5) testing possible solutions: What will happen if this action is followed?; and (6) conclusion: What action is most promising? The problem-solving method of teaching incorporates problem-solving activities, but places the responsibility for learning on the student. It requires teachers to move from the traditional instructional model to one that engages teachers and students as partners in learning, with the teacher functioning in the role of facilitator or coach rather than leader or all-knowing authority. It requires the use of problems that have real meaning to students, thus motivating them to reach a solution. Educators and special reform groups in other subject areas refer to a process known as "problem-based learning," which has many similarities to the problem-solving approach. In problem-based instruction, all learning is done in context, within the learner’s social environment. Learning occurs as students negotiate with others and evaluate the viability of each individual’s understanding (Savery and Duffy 1995). Stepien and Gallagher (1993) discuss four critical features of problem-based learning: 1. Engagement. The problem raises concepts and principles relevant to the content area and addresses real issues that connect to the larger social context of the students’ personal world. 2. Inquiry. The problem is ill-structured in that it has no one right answer. It often changes as more information is found. It requires exploration to define and refine the questions and ideas surrounding the problem. 3. Solution building. In problem-based learning, solutions are generated by the students who are the problem solvers; teachers are the coaches. As problem solvers, students engage in observation, inquiry, and investigation into hypotheses and issues, and they formulate conclusions that are consistent with the nature of the problem. As coaches, teachers promote learning by acting as models, demonstrating behaviors they want their students to adopt. They prompt students to take ownership of the problem and responsibility for its solution, and then fade into the background.

Juvenile Detention Makes Teens Worse Essays -- juvenile justice system

There are numerous critics of the juvenile justice system, and while most of their denunciations remain the same as those of the justice system at large, an ample portion of their criticisms revolve around the claim that incarcerating young people not only doesn’t work in deterring or rehabilitating them, but makes them worse and leads to adult misconduct. A report noted that youth sent to juvenile prison were 37 times more likely to be arrested as adults (Szalavitz, 2009). Another major problem some cite with the juvenile justice system is that most delinquent offends have some form of mental illness, and that while studies have shown that mental health treatment would be a better alternative, they are simply ignored or incarcerated (Ramirez, 2008), completely contradictory to the core values of the juvenile justice system which stresses rehabilitation and restitution above all else. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there are flaws in the system, and how glaringly obvious they may be depends on ones’ perception. A host of various cases show that the state of juvenile justice does not match up with current times and circumstances that differ from the time the system was set in place. Youths now are engaged in severe violent crimes, gang activity, and a multitude of other offense that depict a shift in the social and cultural ambience of the country. With that said, it seems apparent that the system needs to adapt to these current changes, but before that happens (if it ever does) there are many juvenile delinquents that that have been failed by the system in place. One of these people is Quantel Lotts. Like most kids who grow up in improvised urban areas across the United States, Quantel Lotts was raised in an environment ... ...e of Justice . Initiative, E. J. (2007). Cruel and Unusual: Sentencing 13 and 14- Year- Old Children to Die in Prison . Montgomery : Equal Justice Initiative . Liptak, A., & Petak, L. F. (2011, April 20). Juvenile Killers in Jail for Life Seek a Reprieve. The New York Times . Lotts, Q. (2012, March 19). tried as an adult and locked away for life at age 14. (E. Pilkington, Interviewer) National Institute of Mental Health . (2011). The Teen Brain: Still Under Construction . Besthesda : U.S. Department of Health and HUman Services . Ramirez, F. (2008, April/May). Juvenile Delinquency: Current Issues, Best Practices, and Promising Approaches. GPSOLO . Steinberg, L. D. (1987). Family processes at adolescence: A developmental perspective. Family Therapy, 77-86. Szalavitz, M. (2009, August 07). Why Juvenile Detention Makes Teens Worse. Time Magazine.

Ones world view of Education and Learning Essay examples -- Beliefs At

Using the concept of a ‘world view’, identify some of the beliefs and attitudes, particularly to education and learning, that you bring to your learning now. Reflect critically on how your world view has been shaped by factors such as your gender, age or community. Individuals see the world in unique and varied ways. Factors such as educational experiences, ways of knowing, personal responsibility and family structure have influenced my beliefs and attitudes. A world view results from the process through which knowledge and understanding is obtained. Furthermore, my experiences of being a young woman in rural society has helped to shape my world view. A world view can be defined as â€Å"an inside view of the way things are colored, shaped, and arranged according to personal cultural preconceptions† (Samovar & Porter, 2004:103). This argument demonstrates that a world view is internal, yet influenced by external factors. This especially relates to formal education, whereby the school system, and the teacher in particular, are the significant external factors which directly influence a persons way of knowing, and therefore, their world view. My educational experiences have shaped my world view, as well as my beliefs and attitudes. I have experienced both the public and private school systems. It has been my experience in the private schooling system that knowledge is a badge of honour, attached to the person. This attachment taught me that I own my own knowledge. It a...

Moot Court Essay

Jitender Sharma was a young boy of 18 years of age. He fell in love with Poonam Sharma who was a girl of 16 years of age. One day they eloped from their respective homes and finally got married as per Hindu rites and ceremonies. Poonam’s family members were against this marriage. Even her Grand Father and Paternal uncle were not ready to accept this marriage at any cost. They threatened Poonam of her life and safety. Thereafter Poonam’s father lodge First Information Report (FIR) against Jitender at Gandhi Nagar Police Station, Delhi under section 363 and section 376 of Indian Penal Code. On 05.05.2010, a typed letter signed by Poonam was received at the Gandhi Nagar Police Station stating that ‘she had married Jitender with her own will and requested not to file any criminal case against Jitender’. Thereafter on 07.05.2010 Jitender and Poonam were apprehended from Bilaspur in Utter Pradesh and produced before respective court. Poonam refuse to undergo any medical examination. She did not state any thing against Jitender in her statement before the Magistrate under section 164 of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Thereafter Jitender was sent to Juvenile Home. Subsequently, Poonam gave in writing that she had left her parents home by her own will and went along with Jitender. The court sent Poonam to Nari Niketan for some time. Then on 17.05.2010, Poonam’s custody was handed over to her Parents. Thereafter, on 15.06.2010 Jitendre was released. Subsequently, he demanded cudtody of her wife by filing writ petition in Delhi High Court. Now argue for the both side and also the law and procedure in the aforesaid matter. Some the issues are listed below and are not limited to the below mentioned issues. These issues are as follows: 1) Whether Jitender is lible for the kidnapping of Poonam from her legal guardian? 2) Whether the marriage is voidable under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955? 3) Whether the Jitender is liable under section 376 of I.P.C, 1960? 4) Whether Poonam must be sent with Jitender under Guardian and Wards Act, 1890?

Asses the view, that working class children underachieve because they are culturally deprived Essay

Middle class children have a higher tendency of achieving more than pupils of the working class. A few explanations pay attention on the external factors outside school. This includes cultural deprivation – working class pupils are portrayed as having a lack of correct attitude, values, language and knowledge for educational success. Whilst material deprivation means that working class pupils are most likely to have poorer diets, health and housing and their parents are less able to meet the hidden costs of schooling. The middle class have mote cultural capital – they have a better advantage of their choices within the marketised education system. There are three main aspects to cultural deprivation. The first is intellectual development; theorists argue that many working class homes lack things such as books, educational toys and activities which would help to stimulate intellectual development. Douglas (1964) found that pupils of the working class scored lower on a test of ability than those of the middle class. He argued that because working class parents are likely to be less supportive of their child’s intellectual development this has an impact on them. This could then lead to underachievement as it would mean the child is always behind. Secondly, Bernstein (1975) looked at the difference in language between working class and middle class students. He identified that language can be categorised into two types of speech codes. This highlights the differences between both the working and middle class. The restricted code was typically used by those of the working class. It consisted of a limited vocabulary and is based on use of short, often unfinished, grammatically simple sentences. Their speech is predictable and sometimes consists of single words and hand gestures. The restricted code is context bound so the speaker makes the assumption that the listener shares the same set of experiences. Then there was the elaborated code which is most commonly used by those of the middle class. Vocabulary is a lot more varied and is based on more grammatically complex sentences; speech is more varied and communicates abstract ideas. It is also context free: so the speaker doesn’t assume that the listener shares the same experiences as them, allowing the use of a more descriptive language. This would lead to under achievement  because the language used in schools and in test papers tend to be in the elaborate code as it is seen as the ‘correct’ way of speaking and communication, so therefore middle class people are again at an advantage. Finally, attitudes and values, Hyman (1967) argued that values and beliefs of the lower class show a ‘self-imposed barrier’ to educational and career success. Hyman outlined between working-class and middle-class value systems Members of the working class place a lower value on education. They place less emphasis on formal education as a means to personal achievement, and they see less value in continuing school beyond the minimum leaving age. Members of the working-class place a lower value on achieving higher occupational status, In evaluating jobs, they emphasize ‘stability, security and immediate economic benefits’ and tend to reject the risks and investments involved in aiming for high-risks occupations. Job horizons tend, therefore, to be limited to a ‘good trade’. Compared to their middle-class counterparts, members of the working-class believe there is less opportunity for personal advancement. This belief is probably the basis for the lower value placed on education and high occupational status. Whilst Sugarman (1970) similarly argued that working class subculture has four key elements that create this barrier to educational achievement: Collectivism involves loyalty to the group rather than to emphasis on individual achievement which the school system demands. Immediate gratification emphasizes the enjoyment of pleasures of the moment, rather than sacrifices for future rewards, Will also tend to encourage early school-leaving for the more immediate reward of a wage packet, adult status and freedom from the disciplines of school. Fatalism involves an acceptance of the situation rather than efforts to improve it; it will not encourage high achievement in the classroom. Present-time orientation may further reduce the motivation for academic achievement, whereas an emphasis on long-term goals and future planning can encourage pupils to remain longer in full-time education by providing a purpose for their stay. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that parents pass on values of their class onto their children. Values of middle class will equip children for success, whilst working class values fail to do so. However Keddie (1973) describes cultural deprivation as a myth and sees it as  a victim blaming explanation. She believes that having a culturally deprived background can’t be blamed as the reason that certain pupils fail in school. She argues that there is no cultural deprivation but cultural differences; failure is due to the disadvantages that are pursued by an education system dominated by middle class values. She believes that schools should recognise and build on strengths, and also challenge teachers’ anti working class prejudices. Under achievement can also be subjected to material deprivation. This can also be classed as poverty. It is a lack of basic necessities such as adequate diet, housing, clothing or the money to buy these things. Material deprivation theory explains working class under achievement as the result of the lack of such resources. Unlike cultural deprivation theorists, who blame educational failure on the inadequacy of working class subculture, many other sociologists see material deprivation as the main cause of under achievement. Poverty is closely linked to educational under-achievement. Although external factors, such as cultural deprivation, material deprivation and cultural capital can play an important part as to why there is class difference in regards to achievement, there are also internal factors that can be put to blame. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to someone. Studies show that teachers often label pupils regardless of ability or attitude, by basing labels on stereo-typed assumptions about their class background, labelling working class pupils negatively and working class pupils positively. This can restrict pupils from achievement as it means teachers will refrain from giving pupils they have labelled negatively from getting the support they need, meaning they do badly at school. The self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true simply by virtue of it having been made. Integrationists argue that labelling can affect a pupils achievement by creating a self-fulfilling prophecy. When a teacher labels a pupil, they make predictions about their abilities for example, ‘this child will do well’ – The child then gets treated in accordance to this prediction, the pupil then internalises the teacher’s expectations which becomes part of its self-image. This makes the child become the kind  of pupil the teacher perceived them to be. (e.g. if a child is labelled positively, the child will then gain more confidence and try harder with their work, thus leading them to success). This prevents children from having the potential to do well, rather than working hard to allow them to do their best they allow their teachers opinion of them to hold them back. Marketisation is the final internal factor that portrays class differences of achievement. Schools operate on a wide education system, whose policies affect class differences in achievement. Such policies include marketisation and selection. Marketisation brought in – a funding formula that gives the school equal funding for each pupil, exam league tables which rank each school according to its exam performance and make no allowance for the level of ability of its pupils, and competition among schools to attract pupils. Marketisation explains why schools are under pressure to do well. Some schools respond to marketisation by creating a traditional image to attract middle class parents – this has re-in forced class divisions. Schools have to spend more money on marketing themselves to parents, often at the expense of spending funds on special needs or other important areas. Overall I think it is clear that cultural deprivation plays a huge part in regard to underachievement. Pupils lack help both at home, and at school, meaning they have less chance at doing well. Internal and external factors both work alongside each other – putting middle class pupils at an advantage in contrast to working class pupils.

Functions of Emotions Essay

By definition, emotions are short-lived phenomena in the psychological and physiological systems of rational beings that represent modes of adaptation to the dynamism of the internal and external environment (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions are responsible for psychologically altering the attention and shifting behaviors in response to changing demands. They are therefore very instrumental in not only defining inter-personal relationships but also the lives of rational beings (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). In this research paper, the author seeks to explain and describe the social functions of emotions in a relationship. I will first identify the emotions that relate to relationships and then proceed to explain the functions they play. Examples of emotions that apply to relationships Emotions are complex and intricately related. There has been confusion in the usage of terms between emotions and feelings while the two are not synonymous. The word â€Å"Feelings† can be used to describe the sensitivity to emotions or morals. In other words, feeling is the passion or sensation of emotions and is therefore a component of emotion (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Each emotion leads to the exhibition of a corresponding set of behaviors, both in the movement of the body (emotional expression through skeletal muscles) and in other responses that do not include physical movements. In the context of relationships, very many emotions apply. To every emotion there is an opposite. Examples of emotions which are applicable in the development of interpersonal relationships include love and passion which are contradicted by hatred and disgust and happiness which is contradicted by the emotion of sadness. Pride as an emotion plays a significant role in the development of relationships between parents and their children, between lovers and also between casual acquaintances (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). Jealousy, gratefulness and empathy also play a major role in relationships. Emotions and the Capacity to communicate and influence people Emotions are communicated through verbal statements and non-verbal statements including facial expressions, postures or gestures. Most expressions of emotions have a direct and automatic effect on other people, and more so if these emotions are communicated non-verbally. The human conscience is programmed to naturally decode emotions in the action of other people (Fussell, 2002). Therefore, how well a person expresses his or her emotions goes a long way in determining how well other people understand him. People will usually respond to facial expressions and other gestures. Being able to effectively communicate one’s emotions so that they are representative of the feelings held inside plays a major role in either strengthening or weakening the relationship bonds between people. A person who relays his feelings (through emotions) genuinely is less likely to be misunderstood and is therefore more likely to get positive responses to his demands or requirements (Fussell, 2002). Take for example a person whose face lights up upon seeing another person. Such will definitely be interpreted as a reaction to the emotion of love or passion. Upon decoding this, the targeted party is also likely to develop affection for the other person. Strong relationships are founded on how genuinely people communicate their emotions (Knobloch & Solomon, 2003). Emotions are also useful in influencing the actions of others. Disappointment, for example in a parent for his or her underperforming child can trigger the urge to work harder in school so as to please the parent (Dunsmorea, Bensona & Bradburna, 2006). However, constant disappointment in people despite their exhibited desire to improve damages relationships as it induces guilt and shame. In other words, positive emotions most of the time build a relationship and negative emotions like anger, fear, sadness and disappointment will tend to destroy a relationship. Emotions negatively or positively impact on how people process information. They comprise an integral part of interpersonal communication and therefore define how people negotiate with other people or groups (Perlman, 2007). It is the relational problems an individual faces which give rise to emotions and emotions therefore become important in relationships as they define the way the individual navigates though the challenges that arise in the process of relating to other people. Emotions as a motivating factor The human psychological and physiological faculties are pre-programmed to automatically obey or respond to emotions (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions on their part prepare and motivate people to act in a specific manner. For example, the emotion of love will prompt its bearer to show the person he or she is in love with the actions which will illustrate his or her passion. Perhaps love is the most instrumental emotion in relationships. It is love which makes people to be concerned with the welfare of other people in their environment and triggers responsible behavior that ensures the society moves towards a state in which the welfare of everyone within that specific society is protected (Perlman, 2007). Another example of emotions playing a part in relationship building is in the way they trigger actions which signify goodwill (Ryff & Singer, 2001). If a person sees his neighbor’s toddler moving towards danger, say in the path of traffic, he or she will feel obliged, through the action of the emotion of fear, to save it. The neighbor whose child has been rescued from imminent danger will be very appreciative of the other person, and through this appreciation their interpersonal relationship will become more cordial. Alternatively, when a person acts in a manner likely to suggest that he or she does not care much about the welfare of the people next to him or her, the relationship between him or her and those people suffers a setback. Emotions empower people to overcome obstacles in their environment and therefore end up defining the way a person reacts on the backdrop of specific circumstances. This ends up defining how a person relates to other people (Ryff & Singer, 2001). For example, before sitting an oral interview, a person will be overcome with the emotion of anxiety. He or she will then be obliged through automatic adaptation to prepare extensively to beat his or her fear. When the time comes, he or she will have garnered sufficient confidence and his or her response to questions presented is likely to be mature, clear and expressive. If this be the case, the interviewing panel is likely to feel attracted to the candidate and will most likely hire him or her to fill the vacancy. A new relationship then begins and will continue to grow based on the candidate’s continued state of emotional competence and capacity to adapt to new challenges. Adaptive functions of emotions within relationships Emotions provide an individual with the capacity to adaptively respond and cope with particular circumstances or situations. Every person is unique in his or her own way, and these fundamental differences in personality have characterized the human species since the beginning (Knobloch & Solomon, 2003). To forge and to maintain relationships, people need to tolerate this diversity, and emotional responses enable us to do so. For example, my friend, spouse or work colleague who looks depressed may be battling a certain stressing issue. If I take the time to encourage or cheer them up, I will have strengthened the bond between us. Emotions, through this adaptive function regulate the social interaction of people. By correctly identifying the emotions other people are feeling through their body language and facial expressions, an individual may be motivated to either move towards them or keep his or her distance (Oatley, Keltner & Jenkins, 2006). This way, relationships are strengthened, formed or damaged to some degree. Through the evolutionary process, members of the human species have learnt to express their emotions through art, poetry and literature to give more meaning to the sense of being human, and it is the celebration of this color or spice that enables people to live cordially with one another. The self-validating role of emotions Who people really are is, to a large extent, derived from their emotions (Fiske, Gilbert & Lindzey, 2010). Emotions are always valid even though they are not necessarily facts, and they therefore give a person the intuition to feel whether something may be right or wrong. The intensity of emotions expressed determines the probability of an individual’s needs being met. For example, a person who strongly feels the need to establish serious relationships with others is more likely to have healthy and objective relationships (Oatley, Keltner & Jenkins, 2006). People who decrease the intensity of their emotions are less likely to be taken seriously, and therefore their relationships are more likely to be weak. Emotions also function to put a limit to relationships and the levels of social interaction by virtue of their being self-validating (Lewis, Haviland-Jones & Barret, 2008). Take an example of a person who feels uneasy about attending a certain social event due to the feeling that something will go wrong. Nevertheless, he or she attends the event, and somewhere down the line, he or she disagrees with another person in attendance and decides to leave. Such a person will most likely develop the tendency to strictly follow their emotions while making decisions in other aspects of everyday life, including relationships. An example of this scenario is when an individual abstains from forming a relationship with another person in their social environment because of the feeling that he or she may not be a nice person, even though this may be totally wrong (Ryff & Singer, 2001). Conclusion In this paper, my objective was to explain and describe the function of emotions in relationships. I began by identifying various emotions which directly impact on relationships. Such emotions include love, hate, pride, jealousy, passion and fear. Secondly, I explained the role emotions play in communication. The ways in which emotions are communicated are verbal statements and non-verbal gestures including facial expressions, gestures or any other type of body language. Communication is a very essential part in the foundation of a relationship, and the role emotions play in communication therefore becomes defining in relationships (Fussell, 2002). I also discussed the function of emotions in adapting to the various challenges that occur regularly in relationships as well as how emotions inhibit people from forming or maintaining relationships based on intuition. In conclusion, emotions, besides adding color and spice to the art living greatly determine how people understand each other and therefore how they relate in the society. References Dunsmorea, J. C. , Bensona, M. J. & Bradburna, I. S. (2006). â€Å"Functions of Emotions for Parent Child Relationships within Dynamic Contexts: Introduction to the Special Issue. † Research in Human Development, 3(1) pp 1-5. Fiske, S. T. , Gilbert, D. T. , & Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of Social Psychology Volume Two. 5th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Fussell, S. R. (2002). The Verbal Communication of Emotions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lewis, M. , Haviland-Jones, J. M. , & Barrett, L. F. (2008) Handbook of emotions. 3rd Ed. Guilford Press.

Hume Philosophy Paper

David Hume was an early 18th century philosopher that is best known for covering a variety of theories. He covered that reason alone cannot be a motive to the will, moral distinctions are not derived from reason and moral distinctions are direct from the moral sentiments [Treatise of Human Nature, 11]. â€Å"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them† [T 2. 3. 3 p. 414] in his work A Treatise of Human Nature.Reason alone cannot motivate or oppose passion. â€Å"Reason is perfectly inert and can never either prevent or produce any action or affection† [Book 2, 265]; moral distinctions are not derived from reasons. Reason does not by itself constitute grounds for an action of desire. Reason only â€Å"intervenes to explain passion’s impulses to actions proceedings† and thus connecting between two elements [Book 3, pg. 296]. Passion can influence or even disregard reason on purpose to serve goals behind actions.Moral distinctions are â€Å"derived from feelings of pleasure and pain and not from reason†. Reason itself â€Å"cannot produce or prevent any action or affection and morals concern actions† and affections and therefore cannot be based on reason [Book 3, pg. 301]. Due to the idea that distinctions are not based on reason, Hume states that they are based on sentiments that are felt by moral sense This can be related to the study of how we are motivated to act morally and the role of practical reason in moral motivation.The role of reason is only to find out which means help achieve a given goal. Our goals are set by what Hume calls the passion and what today is mostly called desires. Reason is the â€Å"slave of passion† in the sense that it practical reason alone cannot give rise to moral motivation, but dependent on motivational force. Hume claims that â€Å"passions do not refer to external things† [Book 3 pg. 336] , but that they are an original existence. In other words, passions are the very substance of the self.

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication in Economics - Essay Example The economists on the other hand estimated that that over 10 million dollars are spent each year as an average payment package for the chief executives in only big companies. The economists believe that the people who are on the receiving end of this kind of enormous transfers of the shareholders end ironically want the CEOs to continue. The economists have put it across that letting the excessive pay escalate every year badly hurts the already battered reputations of the American chief executives and from their point of view the silence has been very baffling. The economists also believe that there should be an inter4nal pay equity in every single company so that to avoid this perception that there are better people in the highest realms of business. The economists have also clearly said that with all the scandals that have been occurring in the recent past the CEOs only care about themselves and the idea that they create wealth for their shareholders is seen as the most ridiculous thing. This is true since most of them do not actually do the physical work themselves but their employees do the work and hence they are the ones who have created wealth for the shareholders from the type and the quality of service they provide. The economists further believe that without the presence of the lower level employees the CEOs would not have the companies at all because they would really have an awfully hard time in doing all the company's' jobs at once. Another very interesting issue is that the CEOs in America suggest what they would like to receive as their payment package. It then gets to the human resources person who later gets a consultant and it works so well that the CEOs get what they had implied or what they think they deserve. This makes the CEOs be highly respected by their peers. The economics think that it would be very fair if all the people were paid the salaries that they think they deserve by the companies that they work for. Since paying the CEOs hefty amounts of money leaves the economists wondering what about the people who have impacted the CEOs lives and the teachers who taught them the basic math and even reading. This people do not make millions in a year but they have helped in the creation of who the CEOs are today and if given a chance every one of these people who have worked tirelessly would like to make millions as the CEOs do but it just can't happen. (Noah, September, 1991) The economists suggest that the society has been playing a significant role in allowing the CEOs get much more power than anyone else and they assume that they deserve the credit for building their million dollar companies. The CEOs however play an insignificant role in sustaining the companies and in most instances they do not have to make as many decisions as the board members do or as much work as the secretaries. All the actually do is simply watch and monitor the stock prices and clearly ensure that they are still earning at least a seven digit salary. The boards on the other hand have been made to accept the logic that the CEOs should be in the top half in their pay and if it is not so this leaves an implication to the to the general public

The benefits and challenges of globalization for both companies and Literature review

The benefits and challenges of globalization for both companies and national economies - Literature review Example Unlike in the past, today governments are promoting foreign competition and investment in the local economies. Globalization has had both positive and negative impact on businesses and national economies. While some companies and economies have hugely benefited from globalization, others have been on the receiving end. This paper is aimed at identifying the various benefits and challenges of globalization to both companies and national economies. Globalization has really made the world a small place and it is the businesses that have benefitted the most out of this. Globalization has opened new markets and opportunities for the companies. Globalization has increased the opportunity for revenue generation as companies can now establish business opportunities in foreign markets through subsidiaries and partnerships. They can even export goods and products to new markets outside of their domestic market increasing generation of revenue by manifold. Companies have access to resources that were earlier not accessible. Raw materials, skills, man power are now easily and cheaply accessible to companies from different counties. The resources which were either not present or expensive in the parent country can be now be accessed in other countries anywhere in the world. Cheap labor available in South Asian countries as a result of globalization is an example of this which many big companies in the developed countries in the west have effectively. China has transformed into a manufacturing hub for companies around the world due to cheap labor and friendly trade policies. Companies have markets across boundaries for their products and services. Access to new markets has opened greater opportunity for growth and expansion. Globalization has allowed companies to reach a wider audience and develop a larger customer base. Companies are no more handicapped by competing in a matured market. They can always find new markets and

HW 9 HUMAN RESOURCE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HW 9 HUMAN RESOURCE - Assignment Example Many organizations have formulated the wage payment system based on the contribution of the result of the job to the common goal of the organization. Compensation policies of any organization must have provisions of timely review of payment structure in order to consolidate the resultant crises. This program of pay revision to wage earners is possible only with continuous interaction and awareness of their role in the organization. Broadbanding is a system of human resource management to administer the functions of employees of different departments under a particular appraisal system in order to facilitate easy formulation of payrolls. The salary ranges are consolidated into fewer pay ranges with higher difference between two adjacent levels of payment in this system with an intention to avoid overlap of payment ranges (p.435). This system of personnel management is beneficial to the organization as there are lots of chances of payment hikes without offers of promotion whereby expertise of the employee grows with his experience in the same field. Broadbanding may be considered to be on a competency based pay system. It alters the regular narrow salary ranges at different levels to extremely wide salary ranges for the most desirable employee. This system allows employees to choose a work of their interest and proficiency irrespective of the departments to which they are employed. Payment through broadband syst em ensures the participation of every employee in accomplishment of their skill set enhancement. Under the system of competency based compensation the skill set required by the employees of different fields is framed as a combination of works from various departments. While making a slab for payment at a broadband level, highly paid employees face a probable reduction in their pay because of the stipulation of their skill

Case senerio pathophysiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case senerio pathophysiology - Essay Example Iron deficiency anemia results from a condition where the patient lose more red blood cells more than their bodies would manufacture. Ms. A’s menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal causes her to lose significant amount of blood which overrides the rate of red blood cell manufacture and as a result causing her iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia affects women more than men and it represents the most common form or type of anemia. This illustrates that Ms. A is predisposed to this form of anemia. The pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia is described in light of the situation where the body is unable to manufacture enough red blood cells because of insufficiency of iron in the body. The loss of blood by Ms. A during her menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal, causes a significant loss of iron from her body which leads to her anemia. The laboratory tests also indicate that Ms. A has below normal hematocrit, hemoglobin level and erythrocyte count which further indicates that she is m ost likely suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The loss of blood from the body also translates into an equivalent loss of iron. Women who experience heavy periods are an increased risk of iron deficiency anemia (Bostock 23). This is illustrated by Ms. ... Ms. A is adversely affected by the lack of sufficient oxygen because of her active participation in golf. This involves a need for adequate oxygen for metabolic activity. Because Ms. A is having her periods, it is evident that the loss of excess blood caused her to have less iron for the manufacture of hemoglobin which combines with oxygen and distributes it throughout the body. Ms. A’s condition is aggravated by the fact that the golf tournament is carried out in a higher altitude level where the amount of oxygen in much lower. This explains her symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue. The fatigue is caused by the inadequate metabolic activity in energy production which results from lack of sufficient oxygen in blood. Therefore in light of Ms. A’s symptom, medical history and laboratory tests, it is affirmative that she is suffering from iron deficiency anemia and therefore appropriate treatments should be started. Case Study 2 Making changes in lifestyle is t he most effective approach to care for Mr. P. This is motivated by the fact that Mr. P is having difficulties in adhering to the prescribed dietary restrictions. The changes in lifestyle will be the major objective for the care of this patient. This involves weight control, limit of the intake of salt, cholesterol and fat. In addition, the care for Mr. P will be aimed at ensuring that the amount of fluids that he takes is controlled and smoking and alcohol use restricted. Patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure must be motivated to make lifestyle changes which will allow them to reduce the worsening of their conditions (Philippe 252) In addition to dietary restrictions, patients with CHF symptoms

English Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Exam - Assignment Example The book focuses on African- American relationship of Jim a young man who lives in the Mississippi river. One of the major concerns is the use of the word ‘nigger,’ which is disliked by most readers and critics. In estimation, the word appears 215 times making the book to be banned from most of the classrooms in United States. The writing styles, the themes, and the language are not fit for the book to be used in a classroom setting. A major concern is the type of language used and the nature of racial discrimination that is illustrated by these pieces of arts (Born to Trouble). The books and the movies show in details the origin of the word ‘nigger’ and how the blacks were mistreated, hanged, and killed while being called the name. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn book is important as a historic book drawing a clear line on the treatment of the blacks by the whites. The book is most important in the curriculum since it clearly speaks and brings out the issue of racial discrimination, racial language, racial inequality, and many racial concerns that most white Americans fear and always avoid. It is for this reason that most of the parents and critics advocate for its banning. Twain himself shows a greater understanding of racism (Classic Literature). From these pieces of art, immorality has been expressed which is one of the shortcomings that has embraced most of the cities and states in the US. For example, Twain’s phrases that clearly indicate that the book is both immoral and vulgar in the way it presents itself hence not fit for the society. Twain writes, "Those idiots in Concord are not a court of last resort and I am not disturbed by their moral gymnastics.† From the Simpson’s we also observe cases of immorality especially when Homer the Heretic decides not to go to church but watch TV while drinking waffle batters and loafs while wearing his underwear. In addition to this, women have been used as symbols of sex and are observed as objects for sexual gratitude. For example, in the episode, I love Lisa, Lisa give Ralph a valentine’s card and Ralph interprets this as Lisa being in love with him. In the book the Custom of the Country, Ralph also considers Undine a sexual object. This is also widely shown with Twain in his book in abusive ways. Women have also been portrayed as lonely and hopeless people in these pieces of art. This is evident when Undine in the book Custom of the Country becomes pregnant and later neglects her son. This is because she did not like her in-laws and therefore felt so lonely to an extent of neglecting her own son. On the other hand, the Simpson season 4, Aunt Selma believes that getting a baby is the only way, which is able to relieve her of her loneliness. Question 2 Mad men season 1 themes of immorality, corruption, lies, and deception can be compared to Wharton’s The Custom of the Country. Peggy is suffering from sexual harassment from her male c olleagues at work. Peggy sleeps with Pete Campbell on his bachelor’s party just the eve before he gets married who is her junior accounts manager. On the other hand, Don is cheating on her depressed wife Betty. Roger Sterling is also cheating on his wife Mona. All these are cases of immorality in season 1 of the mad men. In comparison to The Custom of the Country Undine although married engage in an affair with Peter Van

Islamic economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic economy - Essay Example Throughout the Muslim nations, the comprehension was nothing was lawful about banks (Thomas 4). The modern setting of Islamic banking began in the 1960s in Egypt; nevertheless, this attempt was unfruitful and limited to certain contemporary setting. There were two events that triggered and spread the development of Islamic economy. The first event was the OPEC oil crisis as it was referred to in the west; however, unlike in the west, quotas and increased oil prices resulted in increased GDP per capita in the oil-producing Islamic nations. This resulted in increase of gross savings, consumption and most significantly demand for a banking system fit with Islamic regulations for devout Muslims. The second trigger was the Islamic revolution in Iran because it inspired the Iranian government to require a banking system that complies with Islamic sharia’a laws (Thomas 55). Recognition of non-western economic thought remedied the prevailing ignorance in the west regarding contributio n of Arab-Muslim thinkers in economics. Islamic economists criticized the assumptions upon which conventional economics based and their policies. Islam emphasizes communal responsibility and harmony of the Muslim nations or Muslim community. Islamic economists associated utilitarian to hedonism, which they considered as a replacement of the moral values. Unlike Marxist approach to remuneration that considers labor as a source of value; Islamic economists identify the legitimacy of rental income together with profits. With inbuilt deepness and breadth of Islamic commercial law, current jurists find realistic and hypothetical jurisprudence upon which to draw solution when confronted with disputes of the contemporary marketplace. The initial few decades of modern Islamic economy was a period of revival and the last decade has been an era of significant innovation. Modern Muslim jurist provide sharia’a-compliant solutions to the expanding spectrum of needs. Toward the end of the 1980s, the situation began to change with Islamic and banking and economy growing beyond the expectations of Islamic economy supporters. Since then, Islamic finance has become a growth industry with several multinational banks and asset management companies taking interest in the development of Islamic economy (Thomas 5). Within the banking and finance industry significant developments began with the significant reason being the progress made by Muslim jurisprudence to, understanding the modern business of commerce and applying sharia’a principles. An additional reason was the development of facilities by sharia’a boards with normal contracts allowing Islamic economies to be at ease with the novel organization. The renewal of Islamic commercial energy led to the development of cooperation and helpful interactions between Muslims and people with different religious backgrounds. Acceptance of sharia’a in Islamic economies does not lead to rejection of tools necess ary for economic analysis; rather, it implies evaluation of economic policy with moral perspective according to religious teachings (Thomas 8). Apart from oil and gas-rich states, many Muslim economies are either low or middle-income developing nations, where often

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more Essay

Hypnosis A personlised induction to hynosis will always be more effective. ''Discuss'' - Essay Example Emotion should never be avoided because it will work on the individual's sub-conscience. The commands should be stressed and emotionally underlined and according to therapists, slight overacting works very well. Conceptual negatives are comprised with words like no, not, never, which are, traditionally not used it hypnosis scripts, can be used in personalised scripts in a very suggestive and forceful way, without conveying a negative meaning. "There is no need for you hesitate; you will find the entire experience exhilarating!" Four sense test increases the power of the suggestion by lengthening it. This only means decorating the expectations of the hypnotised person, by glorifying it. By creating a sensational visualisation, with powerful and persuasive approach the theorist can improve the impact tremendously. According to recent researches, hypnosis has the power to change the functioning of the brain, by using functional brain imaging, according to John Gruzlier. (http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6385-hypnosis-really-changes-your-mind.html ) It has always been known that mind works differently while in hypnotised state and this proves the compliance theory wrong.